Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

है? यह प्राणी सारा कार्य स्वयं अपने ही लिये करता है

English

"Bharadwaja said, 'If it is the wind that keeps us alive, if it is the wind that causes us to move and exert, if it is the wind that causes us to breathe and to speak, then it seems that life is worth little. If the animal heat (that digests all food) be of the nature of fire, and if it is that fire which assists at digestion by dissolving the food we take, then life is worth little. When an animal dies, that which is called its life is never seen leaving it. Only the breath leaves it, and the internal heat becomes extinguished. If life were nothing else, than wind, or if life depended only on the wind, then it could have been seen like the external sea of air, and when passing out it would have mingled with that air. If life dependest upon air, and if it ended with the escape of that air from the body, it would then mingle with another portion of air (that exists externally) like a portion of water escaping into the great ocean and thereby only changing the place of its residence. If a quantity of water be thrown into a well, or if the flame of a lamp be thrown into a blazing fire, either of them, entering a homogeneous element, loses its independent or separate existence. If life were air, it also, when the animal died, would mingle with the great ocean of air outside. How can we say that there is life in this animal body which is made up of the five (primal) elements? If one of those elements disappear, the union of the other four becomes dissolved. The element of water drieth up if food be not taken. The element of air disappears if the breath be restrained. The element of space disappears if the excretions cease. So also the element of fire becomes extinguished if food does not go in. The element of earth breaks in pieces in consequence of diseases, wounds, and other sufferings. If only one of the five becomes afflicted, the union, being dissolved, the five go away into five different directions. When the body which is a union of the elements, becomes separated into five ingredients, whither doth life go? What doth it then know? What doth it then hear? What doth it then say? This cow (that is given away to a holy Brahmana), it is said, will rescue me in the other world. The animal, however, that is given away, itself dies. Whom then will this cow rescue? The taker of the cow (in gift) and the

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभ्युदयकी आशा नहीं रखनी चाहिए धर्म वै शाश्व॒तं लोके न जह्माद् धनकाड्क्षया

English

[Vasishtha said:] "Constantly, for play, nature here modifies, lord of men, making the self many, and sees those same.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स शब्दमात्रफलभागू राजा भवति तस्कर:

English

One awakening does not awaken to this modifier; and from awakening the unmanifest they say the awakening one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मद्यमांसोपजीव्यं च विक्रयं लोहचर्मणो: कृतपूर्व तु त्यजतो महान् धर्म इति श्रुति:

English

But the unmanifest, with or without qualities, is never awakened; sometimes they call it the unawakened.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजान: क्षत्रियाश्वैव मण्डलेषु पृथक् पृथक्

English

If this twenty-fifth awakens the unmanifest, then, awakening, he is of the nature of attachment: so scripture says.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भजन्ते तानि चाद्यापि ये बालिशतरा नरा:

English

By this they say "the imperishable unmanifest is unawakened"; and from awakening the unmanifest they say he is awakening.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संसिद्धाधिगमं कुर्यात् कर्म हिंसात्मकं त्यजेत् होनेका प्रयत्न तो करना चाहिए, किंतु हिंसात्मक कर्मका त्याग कर देना चाहिए

English

Nor does he awaken the great-souled twenty-fifth; the twenty-sixth is stainless, awake, immeasurable and eternal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मार्थ न्यायमुत्सूज्य न तत् कल्याणमुच्यते

English

Constantly the twenty-fifth and twenty-fourth are awakened; both of great radiance follow the visible and invisible.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रजा भृत्यांश्व पुत्रांश्व स्वधर्मेणानुपालय प्रजा, भृत्य और पुत्रोंका स्वधर्मके अनुसार पालन करो

English

The unmanifest, but not that Brahman, is awakened, dear, only; he does not see the lone twenty-fifth and twenty-fourth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तयो: पुण्यतरं दानं॑ तद् द्विजस्य प्रयच्छत: संरक्ष्यं यत्नमास्थाय धर्मार्थमिति निश्चय:

English

giver are both equal (in being both subject to death). Both of them meet with extinction in this world. How then will they meet again? How will the person that has been eaten up by birds, or that has been broken in pieces by a fall from a mountain summit, or that has been consumed by fire, regain life? The root of a tree that has been cut down does not grow up again. Only the seeds put forth sprouts. Where is the person who having died comes back (to some sort of new existence)? Only seeds were originally created. All this universe is the result of seeds in succession. They that die, die to perish Seeds result

हिन्दी अर्थ

शक्तित: सर्वकार्याणि कुर्यन्नरद्धिमनुस्मरेत्

English

And when he awakens the supreme, pure, spotless intellect, tiger among kings, the twenty-sixth then attains awakeness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शक्तितो5तिथये दत्त्वा क्षुधार्तायाश्वुते फलम् फलपपत्रैरथो मूलैर्मुनीनर्चितवांश्ष सः

English

Then he gives up the unmanifest, subject to creation and dissolution; the one without qualities knows nature as endowed with qualities and unconscious.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसीसे उन्हें वह सिद्धि प्राप्त हुई, जिसकी सब लोग अभिलाषा रखते हैं

English

Then he is of the nature of aloneness, from seeing the unmanifest; joined with the alone, freed, he would reach the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

था, जिससे उन्हें उत्तम लोककी प्राप्ति हुई ऋणवान् जायते मर्त्यस्तस्मादनृणतां व्रजेत्

English

They call this the principle; the unprincipled is ageless and deathless; by resting on the principles, this is principled, honoured one; the wise declare twenty-five principles.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पितृभ्य: श्राद्धदानेन नृणामभ्यर्चनेन च

English

He is not principled, dear; the wise one is unprincipled; he soon gives up the principle; that is the mark of the awakened.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथावद् भृत्यवर्गस्य चिकीर्षेत् कर्म आदित: सम्यग् हुत्वा हुतवहं मुनयः सिद्धिमागता:

English

"I am the twenty-sixth": so the wise one, being grasped, ageless and deathless, by his sole strength goes to equality; there is no doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋग्भि: स्तुत्वा महाबाहो देवान् वै यज्ञभागिन:

English

By the awakened twenty-sixth even the one awakening is unwise; this is called manyness, by the illustration of Sankhya scripture.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवीं स्तुत्वा तु गगने मोदते यशसा वृत: लेभिरे तपसा सिद्धि प्रसादात् तस्य धीमत:

English

Joined with the conscious, and the twenty-fifth, he becomes one with him, when he is not awakened by intellect.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नतु वृद्धिमिहान्विच्छेत् कर्म कृत्वा जुगुप्सितम्

English

Awakening, he goes to equality with the unawakened, Maithila; he is of the nature of attachment and the unattached self, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्याग कभी नहीं करना चाहिए

English

Reaching the unattached self they know the unborn twenty-sixth; the pervader gives up the unmanifest when he awakens to this, the twenty-fourth, the unfathomable, by the awakening of the twenty-sixth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रेयो हानाहिताग्नित्वमग्निहोत्रं न निष्क्रियम् गुरुश्न नरशार्दूल परिचर्या यथातथम्

English

This one is the unawakened and the awakening, sinless one, and the awake is told in truth, as by the illustration of scripture; this much of manyness and oneness is to be seen by those with the vision of shastra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसका आदर करते हैं

English

As gnat and fig-tree are separate, so are these two; as fish in water, so separateness is perceived.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्विनवत्यधिकद्विशततमो5 ध्याय: प्रीत्योपनीता निर्दिष्टा धर्मिष्ठान् कुरुते सदा

English

So the manyness and oneness of these two is to be understood; this is called liberation, joined with knowledge of the unmanifest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सदा उन्हें धर्मिष्ठ बनाती है

English

The one who dwells in bodies of this twenty-fifth is to be freed, they say, from the sphere of the unmanifest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न वृत्तिं परतो मार्गेच्छुश्रूषां तु प्रयोजयेत् नित्यं सर्वास्ववस्थासु नासद्धिरिति मे मति:

English

He is freed so, not otherwise: so it is settled; meeting the supreme he becomes of supreme nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा सत्संनिकर्षेण हीनवर्णोडपि दीप्यते

English

Of pure nature, with the pure and awake he is wise; of freed nature, meeting the freed, bull among men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तादृशं कुरुते रूपमेतदेवमवेहि मे अनित्यमिह मर्त्यानां जीवितं हि चलाचलम्

English

With one engaged in duty he becomes engaged in duty; with one seeking liberation, liberation is met and so he would become.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवन अनित्य और चंचल है

English

Pure in deed and pure, he becomes of immeasurable radiance; of stainless soul, meeting the stainless soul.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यश्चिनोति शुभान्येव स तन्त्राणीह पश्यति न तत् सेवेत मेधावी न तद्धितमिहोच्यते

English

Of lone soul, meeting the lone; independent, meeting the independent, he gains independence.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धातासृजत् पुत्रमेक॑ लोकानां धारणे रतम् शूद्रर्निर्मार्जनं कार्यमेवं धर्मो न नश्यति

English

So much has been told to you by me, great king, true, the truth as it is; accepting the meaning without envy, the eternal, pure, primal Brahman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतोडन्यथा मजनुष्येन्द्र स्वरर्मात् परिहीयते

English

This supreme should not be given by you to a man not devoted to the Veda, king; it is the teaching to be given to one who wishes to know, who bows in order to awaken.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न्यायेनोपार्जिता दत्ता: किमुतान्या: सहस्रश: यादृशं तादृशं नित्यमश्नाति फलमूर्जितम्

English

It is not to be given likewise to one of false self, the crafty, the weak, the crooked-minded, or one who torments the knowledge of the learned; it is to be given by you to one such as I describe:

हिन्दी अर्थ

सदा ही उपभोग करता है

English

to the faithful, virtuous, one ever turned away from slander, of pure yoga and wise, active, patient and well-wishing,

हिन्दी अर्थ

याचितेन तु यद् दत्तं तदाहुर्मध्यमं बुधा: तमाहुरधमं दानं॑ मुनयः सत्यवादिन:

English

to one of solitary character who loves rules, free of quarrel, much learned, discerning, patient with no harm, able in self-control and the peace of embodied beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा प्रयत्न कुर्वीत यथा मुच्येत संश्रयात्

English

To one lowest in these virtues it should not be given; they call this the supreme pure Brahman; one who gives to an unfit vessel will not be joined with the good, an expounder of dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धनेन वैश्य: शूद्रस्तु नित्यं दाक्ष्येण शोभते त्रिनवत्यधिकद्धिशततमोध्याय:

English

Even if one were to give this whole earth full of jewels, this should not be given to one without vows; to the master of senses, without doubt, this supreme may be given, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वैश्ये न्यायार्जिताश्वैव शूद्रे शुश्रूषयार्जिता:

English

Karala, let there be no fear in you; this supreme Brahman has been heard by you today, rightly told, supremely holy, griefless, utterly without beginning or middle.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्यं त्रयाणां वर्णानां शुश्रूषु: शूद्र उच्यते शूद्रधर्मा यदा तु स्यात् तदा पतति वै द्विज:

English

Birth and death are unfathomable, king, free of disease, fearless and auspicious; seeing this, give up all delusion today, having known the truth of the meaning of knowledge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शूद्रस्थापि विधीयन्ते यदा वृत्ति्न जायते

English

This was obtained long ago from the eternal Hiranyagarbha, as he told, lord of men; having appeased by effort that one of fierce splendour, the eternal Brahman, as you have asked.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोग इस भूतलपर केवल सदगुणोंका ही सेवन करते हैं

English

As you have asked me, lord of men, so this has been told to you by me today; and so I received from Brahma the great and ancient knowledge of the knowers of liberation, lord of men."

हिन्दी अर्थ

विवर्धमाना: क्रमशस्तत्र तेडन्वाविशन् प्रजा: दर्पात्मनां ततः पश्चात् क्रोधस्तासामजायत

English

[Bhishma said:] "This has been told, the supreme Brahman, from which one does not return again, the twenty-fifth, great king, by the illustration of the supreme sages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ह्वीक्षेवाप्पनशद् राज॑ंस्ततो मोहो व्यजायत

English

He who has reached the supreme knowledge returns again; and he does not awaken in truth; the awakening is ageless and deathless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गया। उनका संकोच भी जाता रहा। इसके बाद उनमें मोहकी उत्पत्ति हुई परस्परावमर्देन वर्धयन्त्यो यथासुखम्

English

This is the best of knowledges, bringing the highest good, told to you by me in truth, dear, having heard it from the divine sage, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एक-दूसरेका विनाश करके अपने-अपने सुखको बढ़ानेकी चेष्टा करने लगे

English

From Hiranyagarbha to the sage Vasishtha, the great soul; from Vasishtha, tiger among sages, Narada received this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततोभ्यगच्छन देवांश्र ब्राह्मुणांक्षावमन्य ह अगच्छन् शरणं धीरं बहुरूपं गुणाधिकम्

English

From Narada this eternal Brahman was known to me; do not grieve, lord of the Kurus, hearing this supreme state.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धीरजस्वभाव देवेश्वर भगवान् शिवकी शरणमें गये

English

One who has known the perishable and imperishable has no fear; but fear is his, lord of the earth, who does not know this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्रिधाप्येकेन बाणेन देवाप्पायिततेजसा देवतानां भयकर: स हत: शूलपाणिना

English

From ignorance the deluded self, suffering again and again, after death gains thousands of births ending in death.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सदा भयभीत किये रहता था; किंतु भगवान् शूलपाणिने उसे भी मार डाला

English

He gains the world of the gods, and animal birth and human birth, if he is purified in time from that ocean of ignorance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सप्तर्षयश्चान्वयुज्जन् नराणां दण्डधारणे स्वयं मनुष्यके शासन-कार्यमें लग गये

English

The ocean of ignorance is dreadful, unmanifest, called unfathomable, in which beings sink day by day, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आसुराण्येव कर्माणि न्यसेवन् भीमविक्रमा: असुरोचित कर्मोंका ही सेवन करने लगे

English

Since you have crossed from that unfathomable, unmanifest, eternal one, you are therefore free of dust and darkness, lord of the earth."

हिन्दी अर्थ

निर्गुणो5पि हि दुर्बुद्धिरात्मन: सोडतिरज्यते

English

"Bhrigu said, 'There is no destruction of the living creature, or of what is given, or of our other acts. The creature that dies only goes into another form. The body along dissolves away. The living creature, though depending upon the body, does not meet with destruction when the body is destroyed. It is not seen after the destruction of the physical frame just as fire is not seen after the consumption of the fuel with which it was ignited.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

बालस्नेहपरीतात्मा तत्क्षयाच्चानुतप्यते करोति येन भोगी स्यामिति तस्माद् विनश्यति

English

[Bhishma said:] Seated, attended, bowing his head to the sage, afterward with his permission, Vasuman asked this:

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वेदेवास्तथा साध्या: पितरो5थ मरुद्गणा:

English

"Blessed one, what is this good that may be for a man here or hereafter in the impermanent body, under the power of desire?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

संसिद्धास्तपसा तात ये चान्ये स्वर्गवासिन: ते भावयन्त: पृथिवीं विचरन्ति दिवं तथा

English

Honoured and asked, the great-souled one of great austerity then spoke to him these words that bring the good:

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रभावसे पृथ्वी और आकाशको पवित्र करते हुए ही विचरते हैं

English

"You wish for what is not contrary to the mind hereafter and here; turn away, with restrained senses, from what is contrary to beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाकुलेषु दृश्यन्ते तत् सर्व तपस: फलम् हैं, वह सब उनकी तपस्याका ही फल है

English

Dharma is beneficial to the good among men, and dharma is the support of the good; from dharma the three worlds, moving and unmoving, go on.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाहनासनपानानि तत् सर्व तपस: फलम्

English

You who are fond of the sweet and desirous, why do you not go to freedom from craving? You see the honey, ill-minded; you do not see the fall.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुछ तपस्याका ही फल है अभिप्रेतानि सर्वाणि भवन्ति शुभकर्मिणाम्

English

As practice must be made in knowledge by one wishing its fruit, so practice must be made in dharma by one wishing its fruit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपभोगपरित्याग: फलान्यकृतकर्मणाम्

English

Pure action is hard for the bad man who wishes dharma; but for the good man who wishes dharma, an easy action is hard.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तथान्येषु भूतेषु मनुष्यरहितेष्विह आत्मभूत: सदा लोके चरेद् भूतान्यहिंसया

English

"Bharadwaja said, 'If there is no destruction of the living creature like that of fire, I submit, fire itself is not seen after consumption of the fuel (that ignited it). When the supply of fuel is stopped, the fire becomes extinguished, and, as far as I know, becomes annihilated. That should surely be regarded to have met with destruction which has no longer any action, which furnishes no proof of its existence, and which no longer occupies any space.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

नानृतं चैव भवति तदा कल्याणमृच्छति

English

"Bhrigu said, 'It is true that upon the consumption of fuel fire is no longer seen. It mingles with space because there is no longer any visible object in which to inhere, and hence it becomes incapable of perception by us. Similarly, upon leaving the body, the creature lives in space, and cannot be seen in consequence of its extreme subtility as is doubtless the case with fire. It is fire or heat that sustains the breaths called Prana and the others. Know that that heat (thus existing) is called life or the living agent. That heat which is the sustainer of the breaths, becomes extinguished in consequence of the suppression of breath. Upon that heat in the physical frame being extinguished, the frame itself loses animation. Falling down, it is transformed into earth, for that is its ultimate destination. The breath that is in all mobile and immobile objects mingles with space, and the heat that is in them follows that breath. These three (viz., space, air, and tire), mingle together. The other two (viz., water and earth), exist together in the form of earth. There is wind where space is, and there is fire where wind is. They are formless, it should be known, and become endued with form only in respect of embodied creatures.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

मिथ्याचारसे रहित हो जाता है, उस समय उसे कल्याणकी प्राप्ति होती है चतुर्नवत्यधिकद्विशततमोध्याय:

English

"Bharadwaja said, 'If in the physical frames of all living creatures there are heat, wind, earth, space and water, what, then, are the indications of

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपोविधिं तु वक्ष्यामि तन्‍्मे निगदत: शृणु

English

living agent? Tell me these, O sinless one! I desire to know the nature of the life that is in the bodies of living beings,— bodies made up of the five primal elements, engaged in the five acts, endued with the five senses and possessed of animation. Upon the dissolution of the body which is a union of flesh and blood, and a mass of fat, sinews and bones, that which is the living agent cannot be seen. If this body, composed of the five elements, be destitute of what is called life, who or what then is that which feels misery upon the appearance of either bodily or mental pain? The living agent hears what is said, with the

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपकी विधि बताऊँगा, उसे मेरे मुखसे सुनो सड्जागतं नरश्रेष्ठ भावै राजसतामसै:

English

Non-cruel, pure, self-controlled, truthful in speech, standing in honesty, with pure origin and deed, a twice-born knower of the Veda is a fit vessel.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्यक्तियोंमें ममता हो जाती है

English

The honoured only wife, by birth, is held the womb here; the learned master of Rik, Yajus and Saman, of good deed, is called a fit vessel.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दारा: पुत्राश्न भृत्याश्न भवन्तीह नरस्य वै पोषणके योग्य अन्यान्य कुटुम्बीजनोंसे सम्बन्ध स्थापित हो जाता है

English

That is dharma and that adharma, for each man, according to the particular deed of the vessel, observing place and time.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मोहजाता रतिराम समुपैति नराधिप

English

As a man might wipe a little dust from his body playfully, but removing sin takes great effort,

हिन्दी अर्थ

मोहकी कन्या रति उसके पास आ जाती है लाभं ग्राम्यसुखादन्यं रतितो नानुपश्यति

English

as ghee is medicine for one who has purged well, so for one whose faults are removed, dharma brings happiness hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुष्ट्यर्थ चैव तस्येह जनस्यार्थ चिकीर्षति

English

The mind in all beings acts in good and bad; having drawn it from the bad, one should lower it into the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लेकर ही वह सारा कार्य करता है और इसी प्रयत्नमें एक दिन नष्ट हो जाता है

English

Honour all that is done everywhere in every way; wherever your attachment is, let dharma be made in your own dharma as you wish.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्विच्छतां शुभं कर्म नराणां त्यजतां सुखम् आधिव्याधिप्रतापाच्च निर्वेदमुपगच्छति

English

Unsteady one, stand in steadiness; ill-minded one, become wise; unquiet one, be calm; unwise one, act like the wise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाल्त्रार्थदर्शनाद् राज॑ंस्तप एवानुपश्यति

English

It can be reached by energy, joined with means; the good here and hereafter has steadiness as its supreme root.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो वै प्रियसुखे क्षीणे तप: कर्तु व्यवस्यति मिलनेवाले सुखके न रहनेपर तपमें प्रवृत्त होनेका ही निश्चय करता है

English

The royal sage Mahabhisha, lacking steadiness, fell from heaven, and Yayati, his merit spent, regained worlds through steadiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जितेन्द्रियस्य दान्तस्य स्वर्गमार्गप्रवर्तकम्

English

By serving ascetics, the righteous and the learned, you will gain vast understanding and will reach the good."

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्वचित् क्वचिद् ब्रह्मपरो व्रतान्यास्थाय पार्थिव ब्रह्मपरायण व्रतमें स्थित होकर संसारकी रचना की थी

English

He, endowed with good nature, hearing the sage's words, turned his mind from desire and set his understanding on dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवेक्ष्य मनसा शास्त्र बुद्धा च नृपसत्तम तस्मात् सुखक्षये प्राप्ते पुमानुग्रं तपश्चरेत्

English

aid of the ears. It, however, happens again, O great Rishi, that the same agent hears not when the Mind is otherwise engaged. It seems, therefore, that that which is called the living agent serves no purpose. The whole scene that the living agent sees with eyes acting in concert with the mind, the eye beholds not, even when lying before it, if the mind be otherwise engaged. Then again, when it is under the influence of sleep, that agent neither sees nor smells, nor hears, nor speaks, nor experiences the perceptions of touch and taste. Who or what then is that which feels joy, becomes angry, gives way to sorrow, and experiences tribulation? What is that which wishes, thinks, feels aversion, and utters words?'

हिन्दी अर्थ

संज्ञा कैसे हो गयी?

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "What is auspicious, constant, fearless, constant, imperishable, undecaying, pure, constant and without effort: you should tell it."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपोबलसे ऋषि बना दिया

English

[Bhishma said:] "Here I shall relate to you an ancient tale, the dialogue of Yajnavalkya and Janaka, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेदस्ताण्ड्य: कृपश्चैव कक्षीवान् कमठादय: आयुर्मतज़ो दत्तश्न ट्रपदो मत्स्य एव च

English

King Janaka, son of Devarata, best of those who ask questions, asked the best of sages, Yajnavalkya, a question, for fame.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रतिष्ठिता वेदविदो दमेन तपसैव हि

English

'How many senses are there, brahmana sage, how many natures are remembered? What is the unmanifest, the supreme Brahman, and what is beyond that?

हिन्दी अर्थ

नामधेयानि तपसा तानि च ग्रहणं सताम् ततः सामान्यधर्मश्चे सर्वत्र कुशलो हासि

English

You should tell the origin and the dissolution and the reckoning of time too, best of brahmins, to me who desire your favour.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विशेषधर्मा विप्राणां रक्षा क्षत्रस्य शोभना

English

I ask out of ignorance, for you are a treasury made of knowledge; I wish to hear all this without doubt.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्विजानां परिचर्या च शूद्रकर्म नराधिप धर्मान् साधारणांस्तात विस्तरेण शृणुष्व मे

English

[Yajnavalkya said:] 'Hear, lord of the earth, what you ask: the supreme knowledge of the yogis and especially of the Sankhyas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्तारपूर्वक वर्णन मुझसे सुनो

English

Nothing is unknown to you; you ask me; and what is asked must be told; this is eternal dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करने और न करनेका जैसा फल होता है, उसे तुम भलीभाँति समझ लो

English

"Bhrigu said, The mind also is made of the five elements in common with the body. For this reason it is of no consequence with respect to the acts mentioned by thee. Only the one internal Soul sustaineth the body. It is he that perceives smell, taste, sound, touch and form and other properties (that exist in external nature). That Soul, pervading all the limbs, is the witness (of the acts) of the mind endued with five attributes and residing within the body composed of the five elements. It is he who feels pleasure and pain, and when separated from him the body no longer experiences them. When there is no longer any perception of form or of touch, when there is no heat in the fire that resides within the body,— indeed, when that animal heat becomes extinguished,— the body, in consequence of its abandonment by the Soul, meets with destruction. The whole universe is composed of water. Water is the form of all embodied creatures. In that water is the Soul which is displayed in the mind. That Soul is the Creator Brahman who exists in all things. When the Soul becomes endued with vulgar attributes, it comes to be called Kshetrajna. When freed from those attributes, it comes to be called Paramatman or Supreme Soul. Know that Soul. He is inspired with universal benevolence. He resides in the body like a drop of water in a lotus. Know well that which is called Kshetrajna and which has universal benevolence. Darkness, Passion, and Goodness are the attributes of the living agent. The learned say that the Soul has Consciousness and exists with the attributes of life. The soul exerts and causes everything to exert. Persons that have a knowledge of the Soul say that the Soul is different from life. It is the Supreme Soul that has created the seven worlds and sets them agoing. There is no destruction of the living agent when the dissolution of the body takes place. Men destitute of intelligence say that it dies. That is certainly untrue. All that the living agent does is to go from one unto another body. That which is called death is only the dissolution of the body. It is thus that the Soul, wrapped in diverse forms,

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राकाश्यं चैव गच्छन्ति कृत्वा निष्कल्मषं तप: स कुत्वा पापकान्येव निरयं प्रतिपद्यते

English

migrates from form to form, unseen and unnoticed by others. Persons possessed of true Knowledge behold the Soul by their keen and subtile intelligence. The man of wisdom, living on frugal fare, and with heart cleansed of all sins, devoting himself to yoga meditation, succeeds every night, before sleep and after sleep, in beholding his Soul by the aid of his Soul, l In consequence of a contented heart, and by abandoning all acts good and bad, one can obtain infinite happiness by depending upon one's own Soul. The king, of fiery effulgence, residing within the mind is called the living agent. It is from that Lord of everything that this creation has sprung. Even this is the conclusion to be arrived at in the enquiry into the origin of creatures and the soul.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुवृत्ताद् यो न चलते शास्त्रचक्षु;ः स मानव:

English

These are the eight natures; hear from me the modifications also: ear, skin, eye, tongue and nose as fifth,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अबुधा न प्रशंसन्ति मोक्ष सुखमनुत्तमम् धर्मवृत्त्या च सततं कामार्थाभ्यां न हीयते

English

sound, touch, form, taste and smell, speech, hands, feet, anus and genital:

हिन्दी अर्थ

भोगोंसे वंचित नहीं रहता

English

these are the particulars, king of kings, in the five great elements; and these are the senses of knowledge with their particulars, Maithila.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रयत्नेनोपगम्यश्न स्वधर्म इति मे मतिः क्रियाधर्मविमुक्तानामशक्‍्त्या संवृतात्मनाम्

English

The thinkers on the course of the self call the mind sixteenfold; you and other learned ones, expert in the intellect of principles, know it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां नान्यदृते लोके तपस: कर्म विद्यते

English

From the unmanifest the great self arises, lord of the earth; this the wise call the first creation, the primary.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुशलतापूर्वक यज्ञ तथा श्राद्ध आदि कर्मोका अनुष्ठान करना चाहिए एवमाश्रमिण: सर्वे गृहस्थे यान्ति संस्थितिम्

English

And from the great ego arises, lord of men; they call this the second creation, held to be of the nature of intellect.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पजञ्चनवत्यधिकद्धिशततमोध्याय:

English

From ego the mind arises, of the nature of the qualities of elements; this is the third creation, called the egoistic.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतदिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं तद् ब्रूहि वदतां वर है, वह कैसे उत्पन्न होता है? यह मैं जानना चाहता हूँ। आप इस विषयको बतायें

English

From the mind the great elements arise, lord of men; they call this the fourth creation, the mental.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपसस्त्वपकर्षेण जातिग्रहणतां गत: अतोथन्यतरतो हीनादवरो नाम जायते

English

Sound, touch, form, taste and smell as fifth: the thinkers on beings call this the fifth creation, the elemental.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सृजतः प्रजापतेलॉकानिति धर्मविदो विदु:

English

Ear, skin, eye, tongue and nose as fifth: they call this the sixth creation, held to be of the nature of much thought.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऊरुजा धनिनो राजन् पादजा: परिचारका: कहे गये; जिनकी उत्पत्ति चरणोंसे हुई, वे सेवक या शूद्र कहलाये

English

The group of ear-sense below arises, lord of men; they call this the seventh creation, held the sensory.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्वपाका: पुल्कसा: स्तेना निषादा: सूतमागधा:

English

The upward current and the sideways arises, lord of men; they call this the eighth creation, the wise call it the straight.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एते चतुर्भ्यो वर्णेभ्यो जायन्ते वै परस्परात् बहूनीह हि लोके वै गोत्राणि मुनिसत्तम

English

The sideways current and the downward current arises, lord of men; they call this the ninth creation, the wise call it the straight.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुद्धयोनौ समुत्पन्ना वियोनौ च तथा परे

English

These nine creations and the principles, lord of men, are told as twenty-four, by the illustration of scripture.

हिन्दी अर्थ

योनिमें उत्पन्न हुए हैं, वे सब ब्राह्मणत्वको कैसे प्राप्त हुए? स्वेनैव तपसा तेषामृषित्वं विदधु: पुन:

English

Beyond this, great king, learn from me in truth the reckoning of time of this quality as told by great souls.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मज्ञानं तितिक्षा च धर्मा: साधारणा नृप कर्मोके आचरणसे पतन भी हो जाता है

English

double existence is realised in consequence of which the Soul becomes an object of internal survey to the Soul itself. Very probably, writers on yoga employ this language in a figurative sense.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करके स्वर्गलोकमें जाते हैं। इस विषयमें कोई अन्यथा विचार नहीं करना चाहिए षण्णवत्यधिकद्धिशततमो ध्याय:

English

[Yajnavalkya said:] "Night is as long, lord of men; awakened, he first creates the herbs, the life of all embodied beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हिताश्च वश्याश्व भवन्ति राजन्

English

Then he created Brahma, born of the golden egg; that is the form of all beings: so we have heard.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ही उसके होते हैं अर्थात् उसका त्याग नहीं करते शब्द आदि विषयोंपर विजय पा ली है, वे परमपदको प्राप्त होते हैं

English

Having dwelt a year in the egg, the great sage came out and set half the whole earth and half heaven, as Prajapati.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निषेवते स्वर्गफलं यथासुखम्

English

Of heaven and earth, king, so it is read in the Vedas; between the two halves the lord made space.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवस्थामें बालक या वृद्ध हो, ऐसे शत्रुका वध नहीं करना चाहिए अतिक्रमेत् त॑ं नृपति: संग्रामे क्षत्रियात्मजम्

English

The reckoning of this by the masters of the Veda and its limbs: ten thousand aeons, less a quarter, is said to be a day, and the thinkers on the self say night is as long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निहीनात् कातराच्चैव कृपणाद् गहितो वध:

English

The sage creates ego, a divine-natured being, and four other sons from his body earlier, the great sage; they are heard to be ancestors of the ancestors, best of kings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सावशेषायुषं चापि कश्रिन्नवापकर्षति है, उसे कोई मार भी नहीं सकता

English

The gods are sons of the ancestors, and the worlds are covered by the gods, moving and unmoving, best of men: so we have heard.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हिंसात्मकानि सर्वाणि नायुरिच्छेत् परायुषा

English

The supreme ego created beings in five ways: earth, wind, space, water and light as fifth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न चास्य धर्मे प्रतिषेधनं कृतम्

English

They say the night of this one making the third here, in five thousand aeons, and a day is as long.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्वस्य विष्णुं जगत: प्रधानम् मन्त्रवर्ज न दुष्यन्ति कुर्वाणा: पौष्टिकी: क्रिया:

English

Sound, touch, form, taste and smell as fifth: these are the particulars, king of kings, in the five great elements, by which beings are filled day by day, lord of the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संदेहो मे समुत्पन्नस्तन्मे व्याख्यातुमहसि

English

They covet one another, devoted to one another's good, they think one another, and compete with one another.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यह संदेह उत्पन्न हुआ है, आप इसका विवेचन कीजिये कर्म चैव हि जातिश्न विशेष तु निशामय

English

Mutually struck by captivating qualities, imperishable, they turn about right here, entering animal wombs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जात्या दुष्टश्न यः पापं न करोति स पूरुष:

English

Three thousand aeons is their day, and the night of mind is as long, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दूषित होकर भी जो पापकर्म नहीं करता है, वही पुरुष कहलाने योग्य है कर्म तद् दूषयत्येनं तस्मात् कर्म न शोभनम्

English

The mind moves, king of kings, and all is moved by the senses; the senses do not see; the mind alone sees here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हिंसन्तीह भूतानि क्रियमाणानि सर्वदा

English

The eye sees forms, but by the mind, not by the eye; when the mind is distracted the eye, though looking, does not see; so they say all the senses see.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नै:श्रेयसं कर्मपथं समारुह्मु यथाक्रमम् प्रयान्ति स्थानमजरं सर्वकर्मविवर्जिता:

English

When the mind ceases, king, the senses cease; but when the senses cease the mind does not cease; thus one should understand the senses as led by the mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यान्ति स्वर्ग नात्र कार्यो विचार:

English

The mind is called the lord of all the senses, greatly famous one; all beings enter this."

हिन्दी अर्थ

निधनं शोभनं तात पुलिनेषु क्रियावताम् है, जो गंगादि पवित्र नदियोंके तटोंपर शुभकर्मोंका अनुष्ठान करते हुए प्राप्त हो

English

"Bhrigu said, 'Brahman first created a few Brahmanas who came to be called Prajapatis (lords of creation). Possessed of splendour equal to that of the fire or the Sun, they were created out of the energy of that First-born Being. The puissant Lord then created Truth, Duty, Penance, the eternal Vedas, all kinds of pious acts, and Purity, for enabling creatures to attain to heaven (by practising them). After this, the Deities and the Danavas, the Gandharvas, the Daityas, the Asuras, the great snakes, the Yakshas, the Rakshasas, the Serpents, the Pisachas, and human beings with their four divisions, viz., Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras, O best of regenerate ones, and all the other orders of creatures that exist, were created. The complexion the Brahmanas obtained was white; that which the Kshatriyas obtained was red; that which the Vaisyas got was yellow; and that which was given to the Sudras was

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राज्ञानामात्मसम्बुद्धा: सम्बुद्धानाममानिन:

English

[Yajnavalkya said:] "As he gathers creatures and creates them again and again, Brahma is without beginning or end, eternal and imperishable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्तवन्ति हि कर्माणि सेवन्ते गुणत: प्रजा: प्रजा सत्त्व आदि गुणोंसे प्रेरित होकर विनाशशील कर्मोंका आचरण करती है

English

Knowing the end of day, and with mind asleep at night, he urged the blessed one: 'I am the unmanifest; I made man.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

नक्षत्रे च मुहुर्ते च पुण्ये राजन् स पुण्यकृत्

English

Then the sun of a hundred thousand rays, urged by the unmanifest, making himself twelvefold, blazed like fire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृत्युना5त्मकृते नेह कर्म कृत्वा55त्मशक्तिभि: देष्टिभ्यश्न पशुभ्यश्ष प्राकृतो वध उच्यते

English

With his energy he burns up quickly the net of fourfold creatures: womb-born, egg-born, sweat-born and sprout-born, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मध्यतो मध्यपुण्यानामधो दुष्कृतकर्मणाम्

English

By the mere opening of the eyes the unmoving and moving are destroyed; the earth becomes like a tortoise's back on every side.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रज्ञाशरेणोन्मथित: परैति श्रेय: स्थित्वा स्थापयित्वा स्ववंशम्

English

Having burnt the world, he of immeasurable strength, the earth alone is quickly filled on all sides by strong water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चण्डालत्वेडपि मानुष्यं सर्वधा तात शोभनम्

English

Then, reaching the fire of time, that water goes to destruction; when the water is destroyed, king of kings, the great fire blazes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मा वै शक्यते त्रातुं कर्मभि: शुभलक्षणै: कुर्वन्ति धर्म मनुजा: श्रुतिप्रामाण्यदर्शनात्

English

That immeasurable, very strong blazing fire, the heat of all beings, with seven flames, the wind swiftly...

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा हाकारणाद् भवति कारणैरुपपादितम्

English

"Bharadwaja said, 'If the distinction between the four orders (of human beings) be made by means only of colour (attribute), then it seems that all the four orders have been mingled together. 2 Lust, wrath, fear, cupidity, grief, anxiety, hunger, toil, possess and prevail over all men. How can men be distinguished by the possession of attributes? The bodies of all men emit sweat, urine, faeces, phlegm, bile, and blood. How then can men be distributed

हिन्दी अर्थ

अध्वानं गतकश्चायं प्राप्तश्नायं गृहाद् गृहम् तद् देहं देहिनां युक्त पजचभूतेषु वर्तते

English

into classes? Of mobile objects the number is infinite; the species also of immobile objects are innumerable. How, then, can objects of such very great diversity be distributed into classes?'

हिन्दी अर्थ

नहीं है। उन प्राणियोंको उस शरीरका मिलना उचित ही है, जो कि पंचभूतमय है

English

"Bhrigu said, 'There is really no distinction between the different orders. The whole world at first consisted of Brahmanas. Created (equal) by Brahman, men have, in consequence of their acts, become distributed into different orders. They that became fond of indulging in desire and enjoying pleasures, possessed of the attributes of severity and wrath, endued with courage, and unmindful of the duties of piety and worship,— these Brahmanas possessing the attribute of Passion,— became Kshatriyas. Those Brahmanas again who, without attending to the duties laid down for them, became possessed of both the attributes of Goodness and Passion, and took to the professions of cattle-rearing and agriculture, became Vaisyas. Those Brahmanas again that became fond of untruth and injuring other creatures, possessed of cupidity,— engaged in all kinds of acts for a living, and fallen away from purity of behaviour, and thus wedded to the attribute of Darkness, became Sudras. Separated by these occupations, Brahmanas, falling away from their own order, became members of the other three orders. All the four orders, therefore, have always the right to the performance of all pious duties and of sacrifices. Even thus were the four orders at first created equal by Brahman who ordained for all of them (the observances disclosed in) the words of Brahma (in the Vedas). Through cupidity alone, many fell away, and became possessed by

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूतानामिन्द्रियाणां च गुणानां च समागमम् गुणैरपि परिक्षीणं शरीरं मर्त्यतां गतम्

English

Even that incomparable self, the universe, Shambhu, Prajapati, with minuteness, lightness and attainment, the lord, the imperishable light,

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूतै: प्रकृतिमापन्नैस्ततो भूमौ निमज्जति

English

has hands and feet everywhere, eyes, heads and faces everywhere, ears everywhere in the world; he stands covering all.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तत्स्वभावो5परो दृष्टो विसर्ग: कर्मणस्तथा यह स्वभावसिद्ध पुनर्जन्म देखा गया है

English

The heart of all beings, of the size of a thumb at the joint, the great soul, the lord of the universe, swallows the endless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिभ्रमति भूतात्मा द्यामिवाम्बुधरो महान्

English

Then everything came to be, imperishable, undecaying, unwounded; the maker of past, future and men, the blameless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनस: परमो ह्ात्मा इन्द्रियेभ्य: परं मन: और इन्द्रियोंसे मन श्रेष्ठ है

English

This dissolution of yours, king of kings, has been told properly; hear the self, the elements and the gods."

हिन्दी अर्थ

यह सोचकर और वैदिक प्रमाणोंपर विचार करके मनुष्य धर्मका अनुष्ठान करते हैं

English

ignorance. The Brahmanas are always devoted to the scriptures on Brahma; and mindful of vows and restraints, are capable of grasping the conception of Brahma. Their penances therefore, never go for nothing. They amongst them are not Brahmanas that are incapable of understanding that every created thing is Supreme Brahma. These, falling away, became members of diverse (inferior) orders. Losing the light of knowledge, and betaking themselves to an unrestrained course of conduct, they take birth as Pisachas and Rakshasas and Pretas and as individuals of diverse Mleccha species. The great Rishis who at the beginning sprang into life (through Brahman's Will) subsequently created, by means of their penances, men devoted to the duties ordained for them and attached to the rites laid down in the Eternal Vedas. That other Creation, however, which is eternal and undecaying, which is based upon Brahma and has sprung from the Primeval God, and which has its refuge upon yoga, is a mental one.'" I

हिन्दी अर्थ

चीर्ण तपो न प्रणश्येद्वाप: क्षेत्रे न नश्यति दत्त्वा3भयकृतं दानं तदा सिद्धिमवाप्लुते

English

[Yajnavalkya said:] "The anus is the self-level, say those who see the truth of the meaning; excretion is its element, Mitra the deity there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा उससे आसक्तिरहित संचित तपकी वृद्धि होने लगती है

English

The organ is the self-level, as the illustration of yoga; bliss is its element, and Prajapati the deity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

योगका साधक समाधिके द्वारा ब्रह्मके स्वरूपको ग्रहण करता है अनुसार सत्त्वगुणसम्पन्न हो जाता है

English

The hands are the self-level, as the illustration of Sankhya; doing is the element, and Indra the deity there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तदास्य बुद्धिर्विषयेषु भिद्यते

English

Speech is the self-level, as the illustration of scripture; speaking is the element, and Fire the deity there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जो क्रियाएँ हैं, उनका भी परित्याग कर देता है नृपामिषेणेव झषो विकृष्यते

English

The eye is the self-level, as the illustration of scripture; form is the element there, and the Sun the deity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विषयोंकी ओर आकृष्ट होता है और दुःख भोगता है

English

The ear is the self-level, as the illustration of scripture; sound is the element there, and the directions the deity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कदलीगर्भनि:सारो नौरिवाप्सु निमज्जति यदा नरो मृत्युमुखेडभिवर्तते

English

The tongue is the self-level, as the illustration of truth; taste is the element, and the waters the deity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करते रहना ही उसके लिये शोभाकी बात है

English

The nose is the self-level, as the illustration of scripture; smell is the element, and Earth the deity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मावमन्ता कामात्मा भवेत्स खलु वज्च्यते दीपोपमानि भूतानि यावदर्थान्न पश्यति

English

is intended to be said is that the Brahmanas had the attribute of Goodness (Sattwa); the second order had the attribute of Passion (Rajas); the third got a mixture of the two, i.e., both goodness and passion (Sattwa and Rajas); while the lowest order got the remaining attribute, viz., Darkness (Jamas).

हिन्दी अर्थ

समदुःखसुखो भूत्वा स परत्र महीयते

English

action of the Primeval Deity. That creation which we behold is the result of the penances of those sages who were first created. Perhaps, what is intended to be said is that the principle of life, of life proceeding from life, and primal matter with space, etc., are all due to the fiat of God; while all visible and tangible objects, resulting from the action of those principles and from primal matter and space, are attributable to the ancient sages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रतिष्ठित होता है तीर्थंके जलसे तन-मनको पवित्र करना चाहिए

English

The egoistic is the self-level, as the illustration of principle; conceit is the element, and Bhava the deity there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शौचेन नूनं विधिना चैव दाह:

English

Intellect is the self-level, as the illustration of the Veda; the knowable is the element, and the knower of the field the deity there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनका दाह-संस्कार करना आवश्यक कर्तव्य है सर्वाण्यात्मार्थे मानवो5यं करोति

English

This glory has been described to you as manifest, king, in the beginning, middle and end, as the knower of truth in truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लिये ही कर्तव्यका विधान करते हैं

English

Nature modifies the qualities at will, from her own desire, for play, great king, by hundreds and thousands.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विदेहराजाय पुरा श्रेयसोर्थे नराधिप सप्तनवत्यधिकद्विशततमो5ध्याय:

English

As thousands of lamps are lit from a lamp for a purpose, so nature modifies many qualities of the Person.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पराशरं महात्मानं धर्मे परमनिश्चयम्

English

Sattva: bliss, abundance, joy and clarity, happiness, purity, health, contentment, faith,

हिन्दी अर्थ

उत्तम निश्चय रखनेवाले महात्मा पराशर मुनिसे इस प्रकार पूछा क्व गतो न निवर्तेत तन्मे ब्रूहि महामते

English

freedom from meanness, from violent effort, forbearance, steadiness, non-violence, equanimity, truth, freedom from debt, gentleness, modesty, freedom from restlessness,

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन प्रश्नोंका समाधान कीजिये

English

purity, honesty, good conduct, freedom from greed, heart's freedom from confusion, not boasting of the loss of wished and unwished things done,

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राणियोंको अभयदान कर देता है, उसे उसी समय उत्तम सिद्धि प्राप्त होती है

English

favour by giving, concern for others without desire for gain, and compassion for all beings: these are held to be the qualities of sattva.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभयं सर्वभूतेभ्य: सदा तमभिवर्तते संवसत्येव दुर्बुद्धिरसत्सु विषयेष्वपि

English

The aggregate of the qualities of rajas: form, lordship, strife, excessive eating, lack of compassion, resort to pleasure and pain,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सदा उन्हींमें रहता है

English

delight in slander, resort to disputes, ego, disrespect, worry, resort to enmity,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्राज्ञमधिकं पापं श्लिष्यते जतुकाष्ठवत् अज्ञानी मनुष्यमें अधिक लिप्त हो जाता है

English

torment, theft, loss of shame, dishonesty, division and harshness, desire, anger, intoxication, pride, hatred and over-speech: these are said to be the qualities of rajas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कर्ता खलु यथाकालं तत: समभिपद्यते

English

I shall tell the aggregate of the tamasic; understand it: delusion, lack of light, Tamisra, called Andhatamisra,

हिन्दी अर्थ

छोड़ता। समय आनेपर उस कर्ताको उस पापका फल अवश्य भोगना पड़ता है शुभाशुभे प्रसक्तात्मा प्राप्नोति सुमहद् भयम्

English

death and Andhatamisra; Tamisra is said to be anger; the marks of tamas here are liking for food,

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा शुभ एवं अशुभमें आसक्त रहता है, उसे महान् भयकी प्राप्ति होती है

English

never being satisfied with meals, insatiety in drink, keeping scents and garments in pleasures, in beds and seats,

हिन्दी अर्थ

वह विषयोंमें वर्तमान रहकर भी पापकर्मसे सम्बन्ध नहीं जोड़ता है पुष्टस्रोत इवासक्त: स्फीतो भवति संचय:

English

delight in sleep by day, in dispute, in heedlessness, in dance, music and song; faith from ignorance, hatred of special dharmas: these are the qualities of tamas."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा युक्तेन मनसा प्राज्ञो गच्छति तां गतिम् बुद्धिमार्गप्रयातस्य सुखं त्विह परत्र च

English

"Bharadwaja said, 'By what acts does one become a Brahmana? By what, a Kshatriya? O best of regenerate ones, by what acts again does one become a Vaisya or a Sudra? Tell me this, O foremost of

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकृतिस्था विषीदन्ति जले सैकतवेश्मवत् बुद्धिमार्गप्रयातस्य सुखं त्विह परत्र च

English

[Yajnavalkya said:] "By hundreds, thousands and hundreds of thousands, and by crores, this one makes the inner self by the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

परार्थ विस्तरा: सर्वे त्यागमात्महितं विदु:

English

The highest place is of the sattvic, the middle here is of the rajasic, the lowest place is of the tamasic, say the thinkers on the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भार्या पुत्रश्न दासश्न स्वमर्थमनुयुज्यते दानपथ्यौदनो जनन्‍्तु: स्वकर्मफलमश्चुते

English

By pure merit alone he gains an upward goal; by merit and sin, human birth; by adharma, a downward goal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रत्येक जीव अपने कर्मका ही फल भोगता है

English

Learn from me in truth the pairing and meeting of these three, sattva, rajas and tamas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धि तथा चोदयतेडन्तरात्मा उसका कोई भी कार्य कभी भी व्यर्थ नहीं होता

English

Rajas is seen in sattva, tamas in rajas, sattva in tamas, and the unmanifest in sattva.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न श्री: संत्यजते नित्यमादित्यमिव रश्मय:

English

Joined with unmanifest sattva one would reach the world of the gods; joined with rajas and sattva he is born among men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्पत्ति उसी तरह कभी नहीं छोड़ती, जैसे किरणें सूर्यको समारभेदनिन्‍न्द्यात्मा न सोर्थ: परिषीदति

English

Joined with rajas and tamas he is born in animal wombs; joined with rajas, tamas and sattva he would reach humanity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दारोश्वूर्णमिवाश्मसारविहितं कर्मान्तिकं प्रापयेत्

English

For those freed from merit and sin the wise speak of a place that is eternal, imperishable, undecaying and fearless."

हिन्दी अर्थ

है; किंतु ज्ञानमार्गसे चलनेवालेको इहलोक और परलोकमें भी सुख मिलता है

English

"Bhrigu said, 'That person is called a Brahmana who has been sanctified by such rites as those called jata and others; who is pure in behaviour; who is engaged in studying the Vedas; who is devoted to the six well-known acts (of ablutions every morning and evening, silent recitation of mantras, pouring libations on the sacrificial fire, worshipping the deities, doing the duties of hospitality to guests, and offering food to the Viswedevas); who is properly observant of all pious acts; who never takes food without having offered it duly to gods and guests; who is filled with reverence for his preceptor; and who is always devoted to vows and truth. He is called a Brahmana in whom are truth, gifts, abstention from injury to others, compassion, shame, benevolence, I and penance. He who is engaged in the profession of battle, who studies the Vedas, who makes gifts (to Brahmanas) and takes wealth (from those he protects) is called a Kshatriya. He who earns fame from keep of cattle, who is employed in agriculture and the means of acquiring wealth, who is pure in behaviour and attends to the study of the Vedas, is called a Vaisya. 2 He who takes pleasure in eating every kind of food, who is engaged in doing every kind of work, who is impure in behaviour, who does not study the Vedas, and whose conduct is unclean, is said to be a Sudra. If these characteristics be observable in a Sudra, and if they be not found in a Brahmana, then such a Sudra is no Sudra, and, such a Brahmana is no Brahmana. By every means should cupidity and wrath be restrained. This as also self-restraint, are the highest results of Knowledge. Those two passions (viz., cupidity and wrath), should, with one's whole heart, be resisted. They make their appearance for destroying one's highest good. One should always protect one's prosperity from one's wrath, one's penances from pride; one's knowledge from honour and disgrace; and one's soul from error. That intelligent person, O regenerate one, who does all acts without desire of fruit, whose whole wealth exists for charity, and who performs the daily Homa, is a real Renouncer. 3 One should conduct oneself as a friend to all creatures, abstaining from all acts of injury. Rejecting the acceptance of all

हिन्दी अर्थ

युक्तो यदा स भवति तदा त॑ पश्यते परम् इन्द्रियार्थेषु संयुक्त: स्वकार्यात् परिमुच्यते

English

should, by the aid of one's own intelligence, be a complete master of one's passions. One should live in one's soul where there can be no grief. One would then have no fear here and attain to a fearless region hereafter. One should live always devoted to penances, and with all passions completely restrained; observing the vow of taciturnity, and with soul concentrated on itself; desirous of conquering the unconquered senses, and unattached in the midst of attachments. All things that can be perceived by the senses are called Manifest. All, however, that is Unmanifest, that is beyond the ken of the senses, that

हिन्दी अर्थ

नरकको, पशु-पक्षी आदि योनियोंको, स्वर्गको और परम गतिको प्राप्त होता है

English

And this is held to be unconscious, abiding in nature, lord of the earth; presided over by this one, it creates and also destroys.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यस्तु भोगांस्त्यजेदात्मा स वै भोक्तुं व्यवस्यति तथा मर्त्यार्णवे जन्तो: कर्मविज्ञानतों गति:

English

[Janaka said:] "These two, without beginning or end, great sage, are both formless, unmoving, unshakable and unwounded,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुरूप गति पाता है

English

ungraspable, tiger among sages; how is one unconscious, and the other said to be conscious, the knower of the field?

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृत्युग्रसति भूतानि पवन पन्नगो यथा नाकृत्वा लभते कश्ित् किंचिदत्र प्रियाप्रियम्

English

You, best of brahmins, attend wholly on the dharma of liberation; I wish to hear the completeness of the dharma of liberation in truth:

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुभाशुभानि कर्माणि प्रपद्यन्ते नरं सदा

English

existence and aloneness, and likewise without becoming, and the place of departure of the embodied one when parting from the body;

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्लभो दूृश्यते हास्य विनिपातो महार्णवे मनके अभिप्रायानुसार चलाना चाहता है

English

tell me, twice-born, the place which one gains in time, and Sankhya knowledge in truth, and yoga separately likewise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथाद्या प्रकृतियोंगादभिसंश्रियते सदा

English

And you ought to tell the portents of death in truth, best of the good; all this is known to you as an amalaka in the hand."

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुभाशुभेनात्मकृतेन कर्मणा श्र॒त्वा धर्मविदां श्रेष्ठ; परां मुदम॒वाप ह

English

can be ascertained only by the subtile senses, should be sought to be known, l If there be no faith, one will never succeed in attaining to that subtile sense. Therefore, one should hold oneself in faith. The mind should be united with Prana, and Prana should then be held within Brahma. By dissociating oneself from all attachments, one may obtain absorption into Brahma. There is no need of attending to any other thing. A Brahmana can easily attain to Brahma by the path of Renunciation. The indications of a Brahmana are purity, good behaviour and compassion unto all creatures.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

दमस्योपनिषन्मोक्ष एतत् सर्वानुशासनम्

English

[Yajnavalkya said:] "By qualities one is endowed with qualities, and one without qualities is qualityless; so the great-souled sages who see the truth say.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तस्येह देवा: स्पृहयन्ति नित्यम् देवता भी सदा लालायित रहते हैं

English

The unmanifest, whose nature is of the qualities, turns to the qualities alone and uses just those; and he is ignorant by nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विमानितो हतोत्क़ुष्ट एवं सिद्धिं गमिष्यति

English

The unmanifest does not know; the Person is a knower by nature; he ever thinks, 'there is nothing beyond me.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

न चैव किंचिद् विषयेण यामि ही कहीं आता-जाता हूँ

English

For this reason the unmanifest is unconscious, by being constant and imperishable, in truth otherwise than the perishable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न मानुषाच्छेछतरं हि किंचित्

English

When through ignorance he makes the creation of qualities again and again, when he does not know the self, then he is called here the unmanifest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विरजा: कालमाकाडुक्षन् धीरो धैर्येण सिद्धयति करता हुआ सिद्धिको प्राप्त हो जाता है

English

From making the principles he is called possessed of the nature of principles; from making wombs he is called possessed of the nature of wombs;

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथैषां वक्तुमिच्छन्ति नैर्गुण्यमनुयुझजका:

English

from making natures he is of the nature of natures; from making seeds he is called possessed of the nature of seeds;

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेदास्तपश्च त्यागश्न स इदं सर्वमाप्तुयात् वेदाध्ययन, तप और त्याग--इन सबके फलको पा लेता है

English

from the bringing forth of qualities he has the nature of bringing forth; from making dissolutions he has the nature of dissolution.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पराशरगीतायामष्टनवत्यधिकद्धिशततमो ध्याय:

English

aversion for all unrighteous acts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विद्वांसो मनुजा लोके कथमेतन्मतं तव प्रज्ञा (उत्तम बुद्धि)-की प्रशंसा करते हैं। इस विषयमें आपका कैसा मत है?

English

noticed by Nilakantha. I have adhered to the Bengal reading, though the Bombay reading is clearer in sense. Visati is a transitive verb having Pratishtha or some such noun for its object. The literal meaning is He who acquires fame, etc.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स वै पर्येति लोकांस्त्रीनथ साध्यानुपागमत्

English

generally means all kinds of acts. Here, however, only sacrifices and other scriptural rites are intended. I follow Nilakantha in rendering the second line, although the plain meaning would seem to be "who poureth everything in gift. "

हिन्दी अर्थ

विचर रहे थे। घूमते-घामते वे साध्यगणोंके पास जा पहुँचे पृच्छामस्त्वां मोक्षधर्म भवांश्व किल मोक्षवित्

English

which the subtile senses i.e., the senses when sharpened by yoga, can perceive. With death, the gross body alone is dissolved The subtile body or form, called the Linga-sarira, and made up of what is called the Tanmatras of the primal elements, remains. Even that retains all the characteristics of the world in an incipient form. The Linga-sarira also must be destroyed before absorption into Brahma can take place.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कस्मिन् मनस्ते रमते महात्मन्

English

Know a gnat as one thing and a fig-tree as another; and the gnat is not stained by the fig-tree's contact.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विमुच्यते विहगेन्द्रेह शीघ्रम् प्रियाप्रिये स्‍वं वशमानयीत

English

The fish is one thing, and the water is held another; and the fish is not stained by the touch of water in any way.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नतां वदेद्रुषतीं पापलोक्याम्

English

Fire is one thing and the pot another; know thus always; fire is not stained by the touch of the pot.

हिन्दी अर्थ

डालनेवाली अमंगलमयी बात भी मुँहसे न निकाले तान् पण्डितो नावसूजेत् परेषु

English

The lotus is one thing here, and water is held another; the lotus is not stained there by the touch of water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुरुषको किसी दूसरे मनुष्यपर वाग्बाणका प्रयोग नहीं करना चाहिए

English

Their dwelling together and always their dwelling apart as it is, common folk of nature do not see constantly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स आदत्ते सुकृतं वै परेषाम् सत्यं तथैवार्जवमानृशंस्यम्

English

Those who see otherwise, in them right seeing is not; they enter dreadful hell, manifest, again and again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इन्द्रियसंयमका फल है मोक्ष। यही सम्पूर्ण शास्त्रोंका उपदेश है स्तं मन्येडहं ब्राह्म॒णं वै मुनिं च

English

This best vision of Sankhya has been enumerated to you; thus, having enumerated, the Sankhyas reached aloneness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्तथाज्ञानाज्ज्ञानविद् वै विशिष्ट:

English

This is the illustration for others who are skilled in principle; beyond this I shall tell the vision of the yogas."