Shanti Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

योगसे ही इनकी उपलब्धि होती है

English

does what is for the general good, he is then said to assume the form of Aditya. When he destroys in wrath hundreds of wicked men with their sons, grandsons, and relatives, he is then said to assume the form of the Destroyer. When he restrains the wicked by inflicting upon them severe punishments and favours the righteous by bestowing rewards upon them, he is then said to assume the form of Yama. When he gratifies with profuse gifts of wealth those that have rendered him valuable services, and snatches away the wealth and precious stones of those that have offended him, indeed, when he bestows prosperity upon some and takes it away from others, he is then, O king, said to assume the form of Kuvera on earth. No person who is possessed of cleverness, who is capable of work, who desires the acquisition of virtue, and who is free from malice, should ever spread evil reports about the king. No man, by acting against the king, can ever make himself happy, even if he happens to be the king's son or brother or companion or one whom the king regards as his second self. Fire, having the wind for his urger, blazing forth (among articles that are inflammable) ,

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्रस्नेहाभिभूतानां युष्माकं शोचतां भृशम्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] "This world, with its seas, sky, mountains, clouds, earth, fire and wind: by whom was it made?

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवन में भी आयुकी ही प्रधानता है

English

How were beings created, how the divisions of class, how purity and impurity, how dharma and adharma?

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृतस्यास्य परित्यागात् तापो वै भविता ध्रुवम्

English

What is the soul of the living like, and where do the dead go? Tell us all of this, from this world to the other."

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवितो धर्ममासाद्य रामात् सत्यपराक्रमात्

English

[Bhishma said:] "Here too they cite this ancient tale, the excellent discourse spoken by Bhrigu to Bharadvaja, who asked.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्वेतेन धर्मनिछ्ठेन मृत: संजीवित: पुन:

English

On the peak of Kailasa, seeing the great sage Bhrigu sitting, as if blazing with energy, Bharadvaja asked him:

हिन्दी अर्थ

कृपणानामनुक्रोशं कुर्याद् वो रूवतामिह

English

"This world, with its seas, sky, mountains, clouds, earth, fire and wind: by whom was it made?

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषां रुदितशब्देन गृथ्रो5भ्येत्य वचो5ब्रवीत्

English

How were beings created, how the divisions of class, how purity and impurity, how dharma and adharma?

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मराजप्रयोगाच्च दीर्घनिद्रां प्रवेशित:

English

What is the soul of the living like, and where do the dead go? Tell us all of the other world too, blessed one."

हिन्दी अर्थ

गृहीत्वा जायते जन्तुर्दु:खानि च सुखानि च

English

may leave a remnant, l The wrath of the king, however, leaves not anything to the person that incurs it. Whatever belongs to the king should be avoided from distance. 2 One should turn away from what belongs to the king as he would from death itself. A person by appropriating what belongs to the king speedily meets with destruction like a deer upon touching poison. The man of intelligence should protect as his own what belongs to the kin.. They that appropriate wealth belonging to the king sink senseless into a deep hell of eternal gloom and infamy. Who is there that will not worship the king who is adored by such terms as delighter of the people, giver of happiness, possessor of prosperity, the foremost of all, healer of injuries, lord of earth, and protector of men? That man, therefore, who desires his own prosperity, who observes all wholesome restraints, who has his soul under control, who is the master of his passions, who is possessed of intelligence and memory, and who is clever (in the transaction of business), should always be attached to the king. The king should duly honour the minister who is grateful, endued with wisdom, large-hearted, loyal, possessed of mastery over his senses, virtuous, and observant of the dictates of policy. The king should entertain the man who is loyal, grateful, virtuous, possessed of self-control, brave, magnanimous in his acts, and competent to accomplish tasks without the assistance of others. Knowledge makes men proud. The king makes men humble. The man who is afflicted by the king can never obtain happiness. On the other hand, the man who is favoured by the king becomes happy. The king is the heart of his people; he is their great refuge; he is their glory; and he is their highest happiness. Those men, O monarch, who are attached to the king, succeed in conquering both this and the other world. Having governed the earth with the aid of the qualities of self-restraint, truth, and friendship, and having adored the gods by great sacrifices, the king, earning great glory, obtains an eternal abode in heaven.' That best of monarchs, viz., the heroic Vasumanas, ruler of Kosala, thus instructed by Vrihaspati the son of Angiras, began thenceforth to protect his subjects."

हिन्दी अर्थ

मार्गेणान्येन गच्छन्ति बद्धा: सुकृतदुष्कृतैः

English

Known as the Mental, heard of before by great sages, the god without beginning or end, unsplittable, unageing and immortal,

हिन्दी अर्थ

वर्तध्वं च यथाकालं हैवतेषु द्विजेषु च

English

called the Unmanifest, eternal, imperishable, undecaying, from whom beings are created, born and die.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्यज्यतामयमाकाशे तत:ः शीघ्र निवर्तत

English

That god first created the one called the Great, known as Space, the lord who bears all beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसमें भाई-बन्धुओंका क्या है?

English

From space came water; from water, fire and wind; from the union of fire and wind then came the earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्नेहमुत्सूज्य गच्छन्ति बाष्पपूर्णाविलेक्षणा:

English

Then the self-born made a divine lotus full of splendour; from that lotus was born Brahma, the Veda-formed treasure.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्व: कालवशं याति शुभाशुभसमन्वित:

English

Called Ego, the maker of the self of all beings, Brahma of great splendour is he who is these five elements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कालके अधीन हो जाते हैं

English

The mountains are called his bones; the earth is his fat and flesh; the oceans are his blood; space is his belly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वस्य हि प्रभु: कालो धर्मत: समदर्शन:

English

Wind is his breath, fire his heat, the rivers his veins; fire and Soma, the moon and sun, are known as his eyes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वानाविशते मृत्युरेवंभूतमिदं जगत्

English

The sky above is his head, the earth his feet, the directions his arms; he is hard to know from his endlessness, even for the perfected, without doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दिया? तुम तो पुत्रस्नेहले अभिभूत होकर उसके लिये बड़ा शोक कर रहे थे

English

He himself is the blessed Vishnu, known as Endless, dwelling as the self of all beings, hard for the unrefined to know.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यद् गच्छति जनश्चायं स्नेहमुत्सूज्य दुस्त्यजम्

English

He is the creator of ego for the origin of all beings, from whom the universe arose, as you have asked me here."

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्नेहं हि कारणं कृत्वा ममाप्यश्रूण्यथापतन्

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "What are the measures here of the sky, the directions, the earth and the wind? Cut my doubt according to the truth."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रयत्नात् प्राप्यते हार्थ: कस्माद् गच्छथ निर्दयम्

English

[Bhrigu said:] "This space is endless, frequented by perfected beings and charanas, lovely, crowded with many abodes, whose end cannot be reached.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बालककी रक्षाका प्रयत्न छोड़कर निर्दयतापूर्वक कहाँ चले जा रहे हो?

English

Above the path of motion and below it, the moon and sun are not seen; there the gods shine of themselves, radiant, with the lustre of fire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पितृणां वंशकर्तरं वने त्यक्त्वा क्व यास्यथ

English

Even they, famed for power, do not see the end of the sky, because of its being hard to reach and endless; know this, giver of honour.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पितरोंके वंशकी वृद्धि करनेवाला है, इसे वनमें छोड़कर तुम कहाँ जाओगे?

English

Layer upon layer, this space is closed in by self-luminous blazing ones, immeasurable even by the gods.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततो नेष्यथ वा पुत्रमिहस्था वा भविष्यथ

English

At the end of the earth are the oceans; at the end of the oceans, darkness is said to be; at the end of darkness they say is water; at the end of water, fire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न च पश्यामि जीवन्तं मृतं स्त्रीपुंनपुंसकम्

English

At the end of the nether world is water; at the end of water the lord of serpents; at his end again space; at the end of space again water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चड्क्रमन्तो प्रियन्ते च यौवनस्थास्तथा परे

English

Thus the measure of the blessed one and of water has an end, hard to know even for the gods, by fire, wind and water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दहामाना: सम शोकेन गृहं गच्छन्ति नित्यश:

English

The colours of fire, wind, water and the surface of the earth are like space; they are distinguished by the vision of truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कस्मादेनं समुत्सूज्य न गृहान् गच्छताशु वै

English

Sages also recite in various scriptures how the measure is laid down in the three worlds and the ocean; who could state the measure of the unseen and unreachable?

हिन्दी अर्थ

मयोक्ता गच्छत क्षिप्रं स्वं स्‍्वमेव निवेशनम्

English

When the course of the perfected and the gods is limited, then the name 'Endless' is figurative; the great-souled Mental has a name fitting his nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शोको द्विगुणतां याति दृष्ट्वा स्मृत्वा च चेष्टितम्

English

When that divine form shrinks and grows again, who else is able to know it, or who like him?

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपश्यत् तं तदा सुप्तं द्रुतमागत्य जम्बुक:

English

Then from the lotus was created the omniscient, embodied lord Brahma, made of dharma, the first and unsurpassed Prajapati."

हिन्दी अर्थ

आकर उस सोते हुए बालकको देखा

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "If he was born of the lotus, the lotus is elder; yet you call Brahma the first-born; I have doubt."

हिन्दी अर्थ

गृध्रवाक्यात् कथं पुत्र त्यजध्वं पितृपिण्डदम्

English

[Bhrigu said:] "The form of the Mental which attained Brahma-hood: for his seat the earth is called a lotus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करनेवाले अपने इस पुत्रको तुम गीधकी बातोंमें आकर कैसे छोड़ रहे हो?

English

The pericarp of that lotus is Meru, rising to the sky; standing in its midst, the lord creates the worlds."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वे मृत्युवशं यान्ति तदिदं प्रेतपत्तनम्

English

seeking to right themselves by force, because they can invoke the king to punish the offenders. If there were no kings, immediate vengeance for even the slightest injuries would be the universal practice.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो न पश्यति चक्षुर्भ्या नेड़ते च कथठ्चन

English

[Bhrigu said:] "The Mental created by mind the manifold creation of beings; first he made water, for kindling beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दहामाना: सुतस्नेहात् प्रययुर्बान्धवा गृहम्

English

That by which the life of all beings grows and by which subjects thrive, and which, abandoned, they perish: by it all this is covered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुलाकर उसके स्नेहसे दग्ध होते हुए अपने घरकी ओर लौटे

English

The earth, the mountains, the clouds and whatever else has form, all that is to be known as of Varuna; the waters held them up again."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इष्टबन्धुवियोगश्व तथेहाल्पं च जीवितम्

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "How did water arise, and fire and wind, and how was the earth created? Here I have great doubt."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इमं प्रेक्ष्य पुनर्भावं दु:ः:खशोकविवर्धनम्

English

[Bhrigu said:] "In the Brahma-kalpa of old, brahmana, at a gathering of the Brahmarshis, doubt about the origin of the world arose among the great souls.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहो धिग् गृध्रवाक्येन यथैवाबुद्धयस्तथा

English

They stood in meditation, taking up silence, motionless, giving up food and living on air, for a divine hundred years, twice-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रेमशून्य होकर कैसे घरको लौटे जा रहे हो?

English

Then to all of them a voice full of dharma came to the ear; divine Sarasvati arose there from the sky.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रदीप्ता: पुत्रशोकेन संनिवर्तत मानुषा:

English

"Formerly the sky, still and soundless, like a mountain unmoving, without moon, sun or wind, shone as if asleep.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्रत्ययं कुतो हास्य पुनरद्येह जीवितम्

English

appearing aids in extending it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैव मूर्तिप्रदानेन जम्बुकस्य शतैरपि

English

As a vessel without a hole seems silent, and when filled with water the wind makes it sound,

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ रुद्र: कुमारो वा ब्रह्मा वा विष्णुरेवच

English

so, when the sky was blocked with water at its end, without gaps, the wind, splitting the bottom of the ocean, rose up with a roar.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैव बाष्पविमोक्षेण न वा श्वासकृते न च

English

This wind moves, born of the ocean's pressure, and reaching the place of space, does not find rest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहं च क्रोष्टकश्चैव यूयं ये चास्य बान्धवा:

English

In the clash of wind and water, a blazing, mighty fire appears with its flame upward, making the sky free of darkness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अप्रियं परुषं चापि परद्रोहं परस्त्रियम्

English

Fire joined with wind rises from the sky as water; by the union of fire and wind it attains solidity.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्म सत्यं श्रुतं न्याय्यं महतीं प्राणिनां दयाम्

English

Whatever oil of it fell in space and stayed became aggregated and turned into earth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मातरं पितरं वापि बान्धवान् सुहृदस्तथा

English

Earth is to be known here as the womb of tastes, all scents, oils and living beings, from which everything is born."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुमलोग पुत्रशोकसे जलते हुए भी क्यों लौटे जा रहे हो?

English

"Yudhishthira said, 'What other special duties remain for the king to discharge? How should he protect his kingdom and how subdue his foes? How should he employ his spies? How should he inspire confidence in the four orders of his subjects, his own servants, wives, and sons, O Bharata?'

हिन्दी अर्थ

छोड़कर तुमलोग इसके प्रेतकार्यमें लग जाओ

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "Of the thousands of beings the wise one created, how is it that only five come to be elements?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृतस्य तं परिजनमूचतुस्तौ क्षुधान्विती

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Beings of immeasurable number come to origin; therefore the great word 'elements' applies to them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एषा बुद्धि: समस्तानां चातुर्वण्ये निदर्शिता

English

Movement is wind, hollow is space, heat is fire, fluid is water, and earth is the compound; the body is made of the five elements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उपकारापकाराभ्यां समर्थस्योद्यतस्य च

English

So the moving and unmoving are joined with these five elements; hearing, smell, taste, touch and sight are called the senses."

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाम्भिरप्रतिरूपाभिरभिद्रुह्य पितामह

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "If moving and unmoving are joined with five elements, the five constituents are not seen in the bodies of the unmoving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आगच्छतोतिक्रुद्धस्य तस्योद्धरणकाम्यया

English

In trees, which are without warmth, without movement and dense, truly, the five constituents are not found in the body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संवादं भरतश्रेष्ठ शाल्मले: पवनस्य च

English

They do not hear, do not see, do not know scent or taste, and do not know touch; how are they made of five elements?

हिन्दी अर्थ

संवादरूप एक प्राचीन इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं

English

Because of lack of fluidity, lack of fire, lack of earth, lack of wind, and the immeasurability of space, there is no element in trees."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखस्यानन्तरं दुःखं दुःखस्यानन्तरं सुखम्

English

"Bhishma said, 'Listen, O monarch, with attention to the diverse duties

हिन्दी अर्थ

रूपयौवनसम्पन्नं द्योतमानमिव श्रिया

English

of kings,— to those acts which the king or one that is in the position of a king should first do. The king should first subdue himself and then seek to subdue his foes. How should a king who has not been able to conquer his own self be able to conquer his foes? The conquest of these, viz., the aggregate of five, is regarded as the conquest of self. The king that has succeeded in subduing his senses is competent to resist his foes. He should place bodies of foot- soldiers in his forts, frontiers, towns, parks, and pleasure gardens, O delighter of the Kurus, as also in all places where he himself goes, and within his own palace, O tiger among men! He should employ as spies men looking like idiots or like those that are blind and deaf. Those should all be persons who have been thoroughly examined (in respect of their ability), who are possessed of wisdom, and who are able to endure hunger and thirst. With proper attention, the king should set his spies upon all his counsellors and friends and sons, in his city and the provinces, and in dominions of the chiefs under him. His spies should be so employed that they may not know one another. He should also, O bull of Bharata's race, know the spies of his foes by himself setting spies in shops and places of amusement, and concourses of people, among beggars, in his pleasure gardens and parks, in meetings and conclaves of the learned, in the country, in public places, in places where he holds his own court, and in the houses of the citizens. The king possessed of intelligence may thus ascertain the spies despatched by his foes. If these be known, the king may derive much benefit, O son of Pandu! When the king, by a survey of his own, finds himself weak, he should then, consulting with his counsellors make peace with a foe that is stronger. The king that is wise should speedily make peace with a foe, even when he knows that he is not weak, if any advantage is to be derived from it. Engaged in protecting his kingdom with righteousness, the king should make peace with those that are possessed of every accomplishment, capable of great exertion, virtuous, and honest. When the king finds himself threatened with danger and about to be overtaken by ruin, he should slay all offenders whom he had overlooked before and all such persons as are pointed at by the people. A king should have nothing to do with that person who can neither benefit nor injure him, or with one who cannot rescue himself from distress. As regards military operations a king who is confident of his own strength, should, at the head of a large force, cheerfully and with courage give the order to march, without proclaiming his destination against one destitute of allies and friends or already at war with another and (therefore) heedless (of danger from other quarters), or one weaker than himself, having first made arrangements for the protection of his own capital. I A king should not for ever live in subjection to another possessed of

हिन्दी अर्थ

विनाशो नास्य न हि वै सुखं प्राप्स्यथ मानुषा:

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Fruit and flower fall away from wind, fire and the thunderbolt's blow; sound is grasped by hearing, and so trees hear.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसका नाश नहीं होगा, तुम्हें अवश्य ही सुख मिलेगा

English

A creeper winds round a tree and goes everywhere; there is no path for the unseeing; so trees see.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्यक्त्वा गमिष्यथ क्वाद्य समुत्सृज्याल्पबुद्धिवत्

English

By holy and unholy scents and by various incenses, trees become healthy and flower; so trees smell.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्मशानवासिना नित्यं रात्रि मृगयता नूप

English

They drink water with their feet, and are seen to have disease and cure for disease; so a tree has taste.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जम्बुकेन स्वकार्यार्थ बान्धवास्तस्य घिषछिता:

English

As one draws water upward through the stalk of a lotus with the mouth, so trees, joined with wind, drink with their feet.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अस्मिन् शवं परित्यज्य प्रेतकार्याण्युपासत

English

From the experience of pleasure and pain, and growth when cut, I see life in trees; they are not without consciousness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यहीं छोड़कर तुमलोग प्रेतकर्म करो

English

The water taken in by them is digested by fire and wind; and from the transformation of food comes oil and growth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तावदेनं परित्यज्य प्रेतकार्याण्युपासत

English

In the bodies of all moving beings the five constituents are distinguished one by one, by which the body acts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मृगेन्द्रा: प्रतिनन्दन्ति रविरस्तं च गच्छति

English

Skin, flesh, bones, marrow and sinew as the fifth: this is counted here as the earthy part of the body.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहे हैं, सिंह दहाड़ रहे हैं और सूर्य अस्ताचलको जा रहे हैं

English

Energy, fire, anger, the eye and heat; and fire digests also; embodied beings are made of five fiery parts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्मशाने च निराहारा:ः प्रतिनर्दन्ति देहिन:

English

Hearing, smell, the mouth, the heart and the belly: these five constituents in the body of living beings are from space.

हिन्दी अर्थ

युष्मान् प्रधर्षयिष्यन्ति विकृता मांसभोजिन:

English

Phlegm, bile, sweat, fat and blood: so water in the body of living beings is always fivefold.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्यज्यतां काष्ठभूतोयं मृष्यतां जाम्बुकं वच:

English

The living being breathes by prana, extends by vyana, apana goes downward, and samana abides in the heart.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रोष्यथ भ्रष्टविज्ञानास्तत: सर्वे विनड्क्ष्यथ

English

By udana he breathes upward and speaks by its divisions; these five winds move the embodied one here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सबके सब नष्ट हो जाओगे

English

The embodied one knows the quality of smell from earth, taste from water, sees light with the eyes, and knows touch by wind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तावदस्मिन् सुते स्नेहादनिर्वेदिन वर्तत

English

Of that smell I shall tell the qualities in detail: pleasant and unpleasant smell, sweet and sharp,

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्थीयतां यावदादित्य: कि च क्रव्यादभाषितै:

English

spreading, compact, oily, rough and clear: so the extent of earthy smell is to be known as ninefold.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गृह्नीत मोहितात्मान: सुतो वो न भविष्यति

English

Sound, touch, form and taste are held to be the qualities of water; I shall tell the knowledge of taste; hear it as I tell.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाक्यैरमृतकल्पैस्तै: प्रतिष्ठन्ति व्रजन्ति च

English

Taste is said by the wise of renowned minds to be of many kinds: sweet, salt, bitter, astringent, sour and pungent; this sixfold taste is held to be made of water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वकार्यकुशला भ्यां ते सम्भ्राम्यन्ते ह नैपुणात्

English

Sound, touch and form: light is said to have three qualities; light sees forms, and form is held to be of many kinds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बान्धवानां स्थितानां चाप्युपातिष्ठत शड्कर:

English

Short, long, thick, square, round, white, black, red, blue, yellow and ruddy: so light's form is held to have twelve varieties.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एकपुत्रविहीनानां सर्वेषां जीवितार्थिनाम्

English

Sound and touch are to be known; wind is said to have two qualities; the quality of wind is touch, and touch is held to be of many kinds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा गोमायुगृध्रा भ्यां प्राददत् क्षुदविनाशनम्

English

Hard, smooth, slick, sticky, soft, harsh, hot, cold, pleasant, painful, oily and clear: so the quality of wind is declared to have twelve varieties.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनिर्वेदेन दीर्घेण निश्चयेन ध्रुवेण च

English

Space has one quality, which is held to be sound; I shall tell of that sound in its manifold variety.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पश्य हैवस्य संयोगं बान्धवानां च निश्चयम्

English

Shadja, rishabha, gandhara, madhyama and panchama, and dhaivata, and likewise nishada.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पश्य चाल्पेन कालेन निश्चयान्वेषणेन च

English

This is called the sevenfold quality marked by space; it stays everywhere in threefold voice, even in drums and the like.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते विस्मिता: प्रह्ृष्टाश् पुत्रसंजीवनात् पुन:

English

They say sound is born of space; with these qualities of wind it perceives; it does not know when they come in disorder.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततस्ते त्वरिता राजंस्त्यक्त्वा शोकं शिशूद्धवम्

English

And these constituents are ever nourished by those constituents; water, fire and wind are ever awake in embodied beings."

हिन्दी अर्थ

था। वह स्कन्ध, शाखा और पत्तोंसे खूब हरा-भरा था

English

greater prowess. Though weak, he should seek to afflict the stronger, and resolved upon this, continue to rule his own. 2 He should afflict the kingdom of the stronger one by means of weapons, fire and

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रीयामहे त्वया नित्यं तरुप्रवर शाल्मले

English

[Bhrigu said:] "I shall tell you, brahmana, sinless one, the movement of the wind, how the mighty wind moves the bodies of living beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वसन्ति तव संहृष्टा मनोहर मनोहरा:

English

Fire, resting on the head and protecting the body, and prana, abiding in the head and in the fire, set the body in motion.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न वै प्रभग्नान् पश्यामि मारुतेन कथंचन

English

The creature, the self of all beings, is the eternal Person; mind, intellect, ego, the elements and the objects are he.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वां रक्षति सदा येन वने5त्र पवनो ध्रुवम्

English

So here he is protected everywhere by prana, and behind by samana, each resting on its own course.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी अपने स्थानसे हिला देते हैं

English

Resting in the root of the bladder and the anus and in the fire, apana circulates, carrying urine and excrement.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सरांसि सरितश्चैव सागरांश्व तथैव च

English

That which, in effort, action and strength, abides in the three is called udana by those who know the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मात् त्व बहुशाखोपि पर्णवान् पुष्पवानपि

English

The wind that is present in all the joints of men's bodies is taught as vyana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हैं; इसीलिये तुम अनेक शाखाओंसे सम्पन्न तथा पत्ते और पुष्पोंसे हरे-भरे हो

English

Fire spreads in the constituents, stirred by samana, and stays, setting going the juices, constituents and humours.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विश्राम्यन्ति महाबाहो तथान्या मृगजातय:

English

of poison. He should also cause dissensions amongst his counsellors and servants. Vrihaspati has said that a king possessed of intelligence should always avoid war for acquisition of territory. The acquisition of dominion should be made by the three well-known means (of conciliation, gift, and disunion). The king that is possessed of wisdom should be gratified with those acquisition that are made by means of conciliation, gift, and disunion. The king, O delighter of the Kurus, should take a sixth of the incomes of his subjects as tribute for meeting the expenses of protecting them. He should also forcibly take away wealth, much or little (as the case may require), from the ten kinds of offenders mentioned in the scriptures, for the protection of his subjects. A king should, without doubt, look upon his subjects as his own children. In determining their disputes, however, he should not show compassion. For hearing the complaints and answers of disputants injudicial suits, the king should always appoint persons possessed of wisdom and a knowledge of the affairs of the world, for the state really rests upon a proper administration of justice. The king should set honest and trustworthy men over his mines, salt, grain, ferries, and elephant corps. The king who always wields with propriety the rod of chastisement earns great merit. The proper regulation of chastisement is the high duty of kings and deserves great applause. The king should be conversant with the Vedas and their branches, possessed of wisdom, engaged in penances, charitable, and devoted to the performance of sacrifices. All these qualities should permanently reside in a king. If the king fails to administer justice, he can neither have heaven nor fame. If a king be afflicted by a stronger one, the former, if possessed of intelligence, should seek refuge in a fort. Assembling his friends for consultation, he should devise proper means. Adopting the policy of conciliation and of producing dissensions, he should devise means for waging war with the assailant. He should set the inhabitants of the woods on the high roads, and, if necessary, cause whole villages to be removed, transplanting all the inhabitants to minor towns or the outskirts of great cities. Repeatedly assuring his wealthy subjects and the principal officers of the army, he should cause the inhabitants of the open country to take refuge in such forts as are well-protected. He should himself withdraw all stores of grain (from the open country into his forts). If that becomes impossible, he should destroy them completely by fire. He should set men for destroying the crops on the fields of the enemy (by producing disunion among the enemy's subjects). Failing to do this, he should destroy those crops by means of his own troops. He should destroy all the bridges over the rivers in his kingdom. He should bale out the waters of all the tanks in his dominions, or, if incapable of baling them out, cause them to be poisoned. Disregarding the duty of protecting his friends, he should, in view of both present and future circumstances, seek the protection of the ruler of another kingdom who may happen to be the foe of his foe and who may be competent to deal with his foe on the field of battle, l He should destroy all the smaller forts in his kingdom. He should also cut

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिश्रमसे थकित होकर विश्राम करते थे

English

down all the smaller trees excepting those that are called Chaitya. l He should cause the branches of all

हिन्दी अर्थ

सारिकाशुकसंजुष्ट: पुष्पवान्ू फलवानपि

English

From the meeting of the breaths a meeting arises; heat is to be known as the fire that digests food in embodied beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मैनाओंके समूह बसेरा लेते थे। वह वृक्ष फल और फूल दोनोंसे ही भरा था

English

Prana, carrying the force of fire, is struck at the end of the anus, and rising again throws up the fire.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वसन्ति तत्र मार्गस्था: सुरम्ये नगसत्तमे

English

The place of digested food is below the navel, the stomach above; in the middle of the navel all the breaths of the body are gathered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रमणीय एवं श्रेष्ठ वृक्षेके नीचे निवास किया करते थे

English

Spreading from the heart, all go crosswise, upward and downward; ten breaths, urged on, carry the juices of food.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिगम्याब्रवीदेनं नारदो भरतर्षभ

English

This is the path of the yogas, by which they go to that state; the steadfast, having conquered fatigue by their posture, set the self in the head.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उसके पास गये और इस प्रकार बोले--

English

Thus it is ordained in the prana and apana of all embodied beings; fire stays in it always, collected as in a pot.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम्हारी शाखाओंपर बड़े प्रसन्न रहकर रमण कर रहे हैं

English

the larger trees to be lopped off, but he should not touch the very leaves of those called Chaitya. He should raise outer ramparts round his forts, with enclosures in them, and fill his trenches with water, driving pointed stakes at their bottom and filling them with crocodiles and sharks. He should keep small openings in his walls for making sallies from his fort, and carefully make arrangements for their defence like that of the greater gates. 2 In all his gates he should plant destructive engines. He should plant on the ramparts (of his forts) Sataghnis and other weapons. He should store wood for fuel and dig and repair wells for supply of water to the garrison. He should cause all houses made of grass and straw to be plastered over with mud, and if it is the summer month, he should, from fear of fire, withdraw (into a place of safety) all the stores of grass and straw. He should order all food to be cooked at night. No fire should be ignited during the day, except for the daily homa. Particular care should be taken of the fires in smithies and lying-in rooms. Fires kept within the houses of the inhabitants should be well covered. For the effectual protection of the city, it should be proclaimed that condign punishment will overtake the person who lights fires by the day time. During such times, all beggars, eunuchs, lunatics, and mimes, should, O foremost of men, be driven out of the town, for if they are permitted to remain, evil will follow. In places of public resort, in tirthas, in assemblies, and in the houses of the citizens, the king should set competent spies. 3 The king should cause wide roads to be constructed and order shops, and places for the distribution of water, to be opened at proper stations. Depots (of diverse necessaries), arsenals, camps and quarters for soldiers, stations for the keeping of horses and elephants, encampments of soldiers, trenches, streets and bypaths, houses and gardens for retirement and pleasure, should be so ordered that their sites may not be known to others, O Yudhishthira. A king who is afflicted by a hostile army should gather wealth, and store oil and fat and honey, and clarified butter, and medicines of all kinds, and charcoal and munja grass, leaves, arrows, scribes and draftsmen, grass, fuel, poisoned arrows, weapons of every kind such as darts, swords, lances, and others. The king should store such articles. He should especially keep ready drugs of every kind, roots and fruits, the four kinds of physicians, actors and dancers, athletes, and persons capable of assuming diverse disguises. He should decorate his capital and gladden all his subjects. The king should lose no time in bringing under his control such persons as may happen to inspire him with fear, be they his servants or counsellors or citizens or neighbouring monarchs. After any task of the king has been accomplished, he should reward that those that have aided in its accomplishment with wealth and other proportionate gifts and thankful speeches. It has been laid down in the scriptures, O delighter

हिन्दी अर्थ

चतुष्पज्चाशदधिकशततमो ध्याय:

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "If heat is of fire's nature and is cooked by fire, and if fire digests, then the soul is useless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पालयत्येव सततं भीम: सर्वत्रगोडनिलः

English

When a creature dies, the soul is not found; the wind alone leaves him and the heat perishes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

माननेके कारण ही सर्वत्रगामी भयानक वायुदेव सदा तुम्हारी रक्षा करते हैं

English

If the soul is like wind, joined with the wind, it would be seen like a circle of wind and go with the hosts of Maruts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यं न वायुबलाद भग्नं पृथिव्यामिति मे मति:

English

If it is joined with wind and perishes from it, then, like water in a vessel freed in a great ocean, it would be another thing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हो जाय। मेरा यही विश्वास है कि वायुदेव सबको तोड़कर गिरा सकते हैं

English

As water poured into a well, or a lamp cast into fire, quickly perishes, so does this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वायुना सपरीवारस्तेन तिष्ठस्यसंशयम्

English

In this body common to five, where is life? When any one of four of them is abandoned, there is no holding together.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कलामशष्टादशी प्राणैर्न मे प्राप्रोति मारुत:

English

Water perishes from lack of food; wind from the checking of breath; space perishes from the splitting of the belly; fire perishes from not eating.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अठारहवीं कलाको भी नहीं पा सकता

English

By disease, wounds and distress the earth also crumbles; when any one of these is afflicted the compound goes fivefold apart.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुष्पसम्मोदने काले वाशतां सुमनोहरम्

English

of the Kurus, that a king pays off his debt when he discomfits his foe or slays him outright. I A king should take care of seven things. Listen to me as I recite them. They are his own self, his counsellors, his treasury, his machinery for awarding punishments, his friends, his provinces, and his capital. He should with care protect his kingdom which consists of these seven limbs. That king, O tiger among men, who is conversant with the aggregate of six, the triple aggregate, and the high aggregate of three, succeeds in winning the sovereignty of the whole earth. Listen, O Yudhishthira, to what has been called the aggregate of six. These are ruling in peace after concluding a treaty (with the foe), marching to battle, producing disunion among the foe, concentration of forces, for inspiring the foe with fear, preparedness for war with readiness for peace, and alliance with others. Listen now with attention to what has been called the triple aggregate. They are decrease, maintenance of what is, and growth. The high aggregate

हिन्दी अर्थ

घर्मा्तास्वां समासाद्य सुखं विन्दन्ति शाल्मले

English

"This cow will carry me across to the other world": the creature who dies after giving, whom will that cow carry across?

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम्हारे पास आकर सुख पाते हैं

English

When the cow, the receiver and the giver all alike dissolve right here, where can there be a meeting for them?

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा सर्वाधिवासैश्व शोभसे मेरुवद्द्रुम

English

For one eaten by birds, or fallen from a mountain peak, or consumed by fire, where is revival again?

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्रिविष्टपसमं मन्‍्ये तवायतनमेव हि

English

If a tree is cut and the root does not sprout, but its seeds go on, where would the dead one return?

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वर्गके समान जान पड़ता है”

English

Only the seed was created before, and this goes on turning; the dead die and perish, and seed from seed goes on."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भज्जन् द्रुमान् पर्वतांश्व॒ यच्चान्यदपि किंचन

English

of three consists of Virtue, Profit and Pleasure. These should be pursued judiciously. By the aid of virtue, a king succeeds in ruling the earth for ever. Touching this matter, Angirasa's son: Vrihaspati himself has sung two verses. Blessed be thou, O son of Devaki, it behoveth thee to hear them. 'Having discharged all his duties and having protected the earth, and having also protected his cities, a king attains to great happiness in heaven. What are penances to that king, and what need has he of sacrifices who protects his people properly? Such a king should be regarded as one conversant with every virtue!'

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुर्गुणोंसे प्रेरित होकर झूठ बोलते हो

English

[Bhrigu said:] "The soul does not rest on the body and perish when it perishes, as fire does not perish when the fuel is burnt."

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाल्मलिं तमुपागम्य क्रुद्धो वचनमब्रवीत्

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "If there were no destruction of fire in that way, at the end of the use of the fuel that fire would not be found.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अहं वायु: प्रभाव ते दर्शयाम्यात्मनो बलम्

English

I know it only as perishing, the fire become quiet without fuel, whose course, measure or form is not seen."

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम्हें अपना बल और प्रभाव दिखाता हूँ

English

[Bhrigu said:] "At the end of the use of fuel, the fire, though it is there, is not seen; it is hard to grasp, following space, and without a support.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रक्ष्यसे तेन दुर्बुद्धे नात्मवीर्याद् टद्रमाधम

English

So at the leaving of the body the soul stays like space; it is not grasped because of its great subtlety, like light, without doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रही है। द्रमाधम! तुम अपने बलसे नहीं बचे हुए हो

English

Fire holds the breaths; let that be understood as the soul; fire sustained by wind perishes by the checking of breath.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दर्शयाम्येष चात्मानं यथा मां नावमन्यसे

English

When that fire of the body has perished, the body is insensible; it falls and goes to the state of earth, for the earth is its resort.

हिन्दी अर्थ

होकर मैं अपना वह स्वरूप दिखाऊँगा, जिससे तुम फिर मेरा अपमान नहीं करोगे

English

For all the moving and the unmoving, wind goes to space, and light follows it; there the three are one, and two are established on earth."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पास पहुँचता है, उस समय मैं बलसे उसकी गतिको रोक देता हूँ

English

Yudhishthira said, 'There is the science of chastisement, there is the king, and there are the subjects. Tell me, O grandsire, what advantage is derived by one of these from the others.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्मान्न बिभ्ये देवर्षे क्रुद्धादपि समीरणात्

English

Bhishma said, 'Listen to me, O king, as I describe, O Bharata, the great blessedness of the science of chastisement, in sacred words of grave import. The science of chastisement forces all men to the observance of the duties of their respective orders. Duly administered, it forces people to virtuous acts. 2 When the four orders attend to their respective duties, when all wholesome barriers are maintained, when peace and happiness are made to flow from the science of chastisement, when the people become freed from all fear, and the three higher orders endeavour, according to their respective duties, to maintain harmony, know that men become truly happy at such times. Whether it is the king that makes the age, or, it is the age that makes the king, is a question about which thou shouldst not entertain any doubt. The truth is that the king makes the age. When, the king rules with a complete and strict reliance on the science of chastisement, the foremost of ages called Krita is then said to set in. 3 Righteousness sets in the Krita age. Nothing of unrighteousness exists then. The hearts of men belonging to all the four orders do not take any pleasure in unrighteousness. Without doubt, all men succeed in acquiring the

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतः वह कुपित हो जाय तो भी मुझे उससे भय नहीं है

English

they desire and preserving those that have been acquired. All the Vedic rites become productive of merit. All the seasons become delightful and free from evil. The voice, pronunciation, and minds of all men become clear and cheerful. Diseases disappear and all men become long-lived. Wives do not become widows, and no person becomes a miser. The earth yields crops without being tilled, and herbs and plants grow in luxuriance. Barks, leaves, fruits, and roots, become vigorous and abundant. No unrighteousness is seen. Nothing but righteousness exists. Know these to be the characteristics, O Yudhishthira, of the Krita age. When the king relies upon only three of the four parts of the science of chastisement leaving out a fourth, the age called Treta sets in. A fourth part of unrighteousness follows in the train of such observance (of the great science) by three-fourths. The earth yields crops but waits for tillage. The herbs and plants grow (depending upon tillage). When the king observes the great science by only a half, leaving out the other half, then the age that sets in is called Dwapara. A moiety of unrighteousness follows in the train of such observance of the great science by half. The earth requires tillage and yields crops by half. When the king, abandoning the great science totally, oppresses his subjects by evil means of diverse kinds, the age that sets in is called Kali. During the age called Kali, unrighteousness becomes full and nothing of righteousness is seen. The hearts of men, of all the orders, fall away from their respective duties. Sudras live by adopting lives of mendicancy, and Brahmanas live by serving others. Men fail to acquire the objects they desire and preserve those already acquired.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न हि वायोर्बलेनास्ति भूतं तुल्यबलं क्वचित्

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "When the body is split, in the mass of flesh and blood, the heap of fat, sinew and bone, the soul is not found.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नैतेडपि तुल्या मरुत: कि पुनस्त्वं वनस्पते

English

If the body is lifeless, joined with the five elements, who feels that pain in sorrow of body and mind?

हिन्दी अर्थ

जीवन देनेवाले सर्वत्र सामर्थ्यशाली भगवान् वायु ही हैं

English

The soul hears what is said with the ears; but great sage, when the mind is distracted it does not hear; therefore the soul is useless.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शरीरमें विकृति आने लगती है

English

One sees all that is to be seen with the eye joined to the mind; when the mind is troubled, one, though looking, does not see.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न पूजयसि पूज्यं तं किमन्यद् बुद्धिलाघवात्

English

One who is under the sway of sleep does not see, speak, hear or smell, and does not know touch or taste.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यह तुम्हारी बुद्धिकी लघुताके सिवा और क्या है

English

Who rejoices, who is angry, who grieves, who is alarmed? Who wishes, who meditates, who hates, who utters speech?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्रोधादिभिरवच्छन्नो मिथ्या वदसि शाल्मले

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Nothing here is common to five; the inner self alone bears the body. He knows smells, tastes, sound, touch and form, and the other qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सामने तुम्हारे इन दुर्वचनोंको सुनाऊँगा

English

In the five-element body, the displayer of the five qualities, the inner self, following all the limbs, knows the sorrows and pleasures here; through separation from it the body knows nothing.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते5पि जानन्ति वायोश्ष बलमात्मन एव च

English

When there is no form, no touch, and no heat of fire, then, when the fire of the body is stilled, he leaves the body and it perishes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवं तस्माद् गमिष्यामि सकाशं मातरिश्वन:

English

All this is made of water; water is the form of the embodied; in it the self, the mental Brahma, is the maker of the worlds in all beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सीधे वायुदेवके ही पास जाऊँगा

English

Know that self, whose nature is the good of all the worlds, resting in that body like a drop of water on a lotus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वायुदेवके पास आकर उसकी सब बातें कह सुनायीं

English

Know him as the knower of the field, ever of the nature of the world's good; know tamas, rajas and sattva as these qualities of the soul.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बृहन्मूलो बृहच्छाय: स त्वां वायोडवमन्यते

English

They say that the soul's quality is consciousness; he moves and moves all; and beyond that they call the knower of the field, who sets in motion the seven worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न युक्तानि मया वायो तानि वक्तुं तवाग्रत:

English

There is no destruction of the soul when the body breaks; the unawake call this false, saying 'he is dead'; the soul goes on, separated from the body; the breaking of the body is only its half of ten.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहना उचित नहीं है

English

So he moves hidden and covered in all beings; but he is seen by the supreme, subtle intellect of those who see the truth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वरिष्ठ च गरिष्ठ॑ च क्रोधे वैवस्वतं यथा

English

The wise man, ever joined to him in the early and late hours of the night, light in diet and pure of self, sees the self in the self.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त था क्रोधमें वैवस्वत यमके समान हो

English

By the clearing of the mind, putting aside deeds good and bad, with serene self, abiding in the self, he enjoys imperishable happiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जा कुपित होकर कहा

English

The mental fire in bodies is called the soul; this is the creation of Prajapati in the determination of the elements and the self."

हिन्दी अर्थ

--'पवन! तुम कुपित होकर स्वयं ही अपनी सारी शक्ति दिखाओ

English

Intermixture of the four orders takes place. Vedic rites fail to produce fruits. All the seasons cease to be delightful and become fraught with evil. The voice, pronunciation, and minds of men lose vigour. Diseases appear, and men die prematurely. Wives become widows, and many cruel men are seen. The clouds do not pour seasonably, and crops fail. All kinds of moisture also fail, when the king does not, with proper attention to the great science, protect the subjects. The king is the creator of the Krita age, of the Treta, and of the Dwapara. The king is the cause of the fourth age (called Kali). If he causes the Krita age, he attains to everlasting heaven. If he causes the Treta age, he acquires heaven for a period that is limited. If he causes the Dwapara, he attains to blessedness in heaven according to the measure of his merits. By causing the Kali age, the king incurs a heavy load of sin. Stained by wickedness, he rots in hell for innumerable years, for sinking in the sins of his subjects, he incurs great sin and infamy himself. Keeping the great science in his view, the Kshatriya possessed of learning should strive to acquire those objects which he desires and protect those that have been already acquired. The science of chastisement, which establishes all men in the observance of their respective duties, which is the groundwork of all wholesome distinctions, and which truly upholds the world and sets it agoing, if properly administered, protects all men like the mother and the father protecting their children. Know, O bull among men, that the very lives of creatures depend upon it. The highest merit a king can acquire is acquaintance with the science of chastisement and administering it properly. Therefore, O thou of Kuru's race, protect thy subjects righteously,

हिन्दी अर्थ

शाखा: स्कन्धान् प्रशाखाश्न स्वयमेव व्यशातयत्

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Then the lord ordained truth, dharma, austerity, the eternal Brahman, conduct and purity for heaven.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रतीक्षा करने लगा

English

Gods, Danavas, gandharvas, Daityas, asuras, great serpents, yakshas, rakshasas, nagas, pishachas and men,

हिन्दी अर्थ

आजगामाथ तं॑ देशमास्ते यत्र स शाल्मलि:

English

brahmanas, kshatriyas, vaishyas and shudras, best of the twice-born, and the other hosts of beings, he made also.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्थानपर आये, जहाँ वह सेमलका वृक्ष था

English

The colour of brahmanas is white, of kshatriyas red, of vaishyas yellow, and of shudras black."

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुदा युत: शाल्मलिमुग्रशाखम्

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "If the classes of the four orders are divided by colour, then the mixing of colours is seen in all classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भंयकर थीं, उस सेमलसे मुसकराते हुए इस प्रकार बोले

English

Desire, anger, fear, greed, grief, worry, hunger and toil arise in all of us; why is class divided?

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मना यत्कृतं कृच्छें शाखानामपकर्षणम्

English

Sweat, urine, excrement, phlegm, bile and blood flow from the body of all; why is class divided?

हिन्दी अर्थ

आत्मदुर्मन्त्रितेनेह मद्वीर्यवशग: कृत:

English

The kinds of moving and unmoving beings are countless; of those of many colours, how is the determination of class made?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुम स्वयं बड़े प्रभावशाली हो; फिर भी मैं तुमसे डरता नहीं हूँ

English

with the aid of that great science. By protecting the subjects and adopting such a conduct, thou wilt surely attain to such blessedness in heaven as is difficult of acquisition."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये तु बुद्धया हि बलिनस्ते भवन्ति बलीयस:

English

and Vyasaktam is 'engaged at war with another.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

इत्येवमुक्त: पवन: श्व इत्येवाब्रवीद् वच:

English

kept for the admission of air.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अथ निश्चित्य मनसा शाल्मलिवातकारितम्

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Those who love violence and falsehood, are greedy, live by all kinds of work, black, fallen from purity: those twice-born became shudras.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विचार करके तथा अपने आपको वायुके समान बलवान् न देखकर सोचा--

English

Separated by these deeds, the twice-born went to another class; their dharma and sacrificial action are not forbidden to them always.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नारदे यन्मया प्रोक्ते वचन प्रति तनन्‍्मूषा

English

These are the four classes for whom the Brahmic Sarasvati was formerly ordained by Brahma; through greed they have fallen into ignorance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मारुतो बलवान नित्यं यथा वै नारदोब्रवीत्

English

Brahmanas who stand in the system of dharma do not lose their austerity, as they ever bear Brahman, vows and rules.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कि तु बुद्धा समो नास्ति मया कश्चिद् वनस्पति:

English

This Brahman was created in the beginning; those who do not know it, ignorant of that, have in this and that place many other kinds of birth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

समीरयति संक्रुद्धो यथा जानाम्यहं तथा

English

Pishachas, rakshasas, ghosts, and the many barbarian kinds, whose knowledge and discernment are lost, who act as they please.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञान नहीं है। मैं यह सब अच्छी तरह जानता हूँ

English

The subjects with brahmana rites, resolved on their own dharma, are created by the sages by their austerity, and others by others.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रभाते वायुमायान्तं प्रत्यैक्षत वनस्पति:

English

Born of the primal god, with Brahman as root, imperishable and undecaying, that creation called mental is devoted to the system of dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

गया और नारदजीने जो कुछ कहा था, उसे याद करके वह बहुत पछताने लगा

English

would mean "the age called Krita that comes in Time's course."

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलाधिकाय राजेन्द्र तद् दृष्टं त्वयि शत्रुहन्

English

[Bhrigu said:] "He who is purified by the rites beginning with birth-rites, pure, endowed with Vedic study, and established in good deeds,

हिन्दी अर्थ

बलेन न समा राजन्नर्जुनस्य महात्मन:

English

steady in purity and conduct, eating the remains of offerings, dear to his teacher, ever keeping vows, devoted to truth: he is called a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्तरेण महाराज कि भूय: श्रोतुमिच्छसि

English

Where truth, giving, self-control, absence of malice, gentleness, forbearance, shame and austerity are seen, he is held to be a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है, अब और क्या सुनना चाहते हो

English

He who follows the work of the kshatriya, is esteemed for Vedic study, and delights in giving and taking is called a kshatriya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सप्तपञठ्चाशदधिकशततमोध्याय:

English

He who, pure, engages ceaselessly in agriculture, cow-keeping and trade, endowed with Vedic study, is called a vaishya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रीतुं तत््वेन भरतर्षभ

English

He who ever delights in eating anything, does every kind of work, is impure, has abandoned the Veda and good conduct, is held to be a shudra.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अधिष्ठान क्या है और किससे उसकी प्रवृत्ति होती है?

English

If this mark is found in a shudra and is not found in a twice-born, the shudra is not a shudra and the brahmana is not a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एको लोभो महाग्राहो लोभात् पापं प्रवर्तते

English

By every means, the restraint of greed and anger is to be known as the purifier, and so too self-restraint.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वैरमारभते बालस्तप्यते शाल्मलियीथा

English

One should ever guard austerity from anger, fortune from envy, learning from honour and dishonour, and the self from heedlessness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लेता है, वह सेमलके समान ही संतापका भागी होता है

English

He whose undertakings are all without desire for results and bound only by renunciation, whose every oblation is in renunciation, is the renouncer and the wise.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शोचेद्धि वैरं कुर्वाणो यथा वै शाल्मलिस्तथा

English

Harming no being, one should walk the way of Maitrayana; one should not go where there is distrust, and in trust one should hold the mind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ही शोचनीय दशाको पहुँचकर शोकमग्न होता है

English

Having given up possessions, one should be a master of the senses by intelligence; one should resort to a state free of grief, fearless here and hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शनै: शनैर्महाराज दर्शयन्ति सम ते बलम्

English

One who ever practises austerity, is self-controlled, a sage with restrained self, wishing to conquer the unconquered, should be unattached amid attachments.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धिर्बद्धिमतो याति तृणेष्विव हुताशन:

English

What is grasped by the senses is called manifest; what is to be known as unmanifest is grasped by inference and is beyond the senses.

हिन्दी अर्थ

फैलनेवाली आगके समान बुद्धिमानोंकी बुद्धि सर्वत्र पहुँच जाती है

English

One should restrain the mind in prana, and set prana in Brahman; from extinction alone is extinction, and one should think of nothing; the brahmana is happiness, Brahman; by that he reaches it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा बलेन राजेन्द्र न समो5स्तीह कक्षन

English

Ever joined with purity, endowed with right conduct, and compassionate toward beings: that is the mark of the twice-born."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पापकी प्रवृत्ति होती है

English

" Yudhishthira said, 'By adopting that conduct, O thou that art conversant with every kind of behaviour, can a king succeed in easily acquiring, both here and hereafter, objects productive of happiness in the

हिन्दी अर्थ

वाग्वेगो मनसो वेगो निन्दावेगस्तथैव च

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Falsehood is the form of darkness; by darkness one is led downward; those seized by darkness do not see the light covered by darkness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ईष्यविगश्न बलवान मिथ्यावेगश्च दुर्जय:

English

Heaven is called light and hell darkness; both are gained by those who move on earth through truth and falsehood.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुत्सा विकत्था मात्सर्य पापं दुष्करकारिता

English

There, such is the livelihood in the world, mixed of truth and falsehood: dharma and adharma, light and darkness, sorrow and happiness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जातौ बाल्ये च कौमारे यौवने चापि मानवा:

English

There what is truth is dharma; what is dharma is light; what is light is happiness. And what is falsehood is adharma; what is adharma is darkness; what is darkness is sorrow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो न पूरयितुं शक्‍यो लोभ: प्राप्त्या कुरूद्गबह

English

Here it is said: the discerning, looking upon the creation of the world through bodily and mental pains and pleasures and the rise of unhappiness, are not bewildered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ज्ञायते नृप तत्त्वेन सर्वैर्भूतगणैस्तथा

English

There the discerning should strive for release from sorrow; for happiness of beings is impermanent here and hereafter.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दम्भो द्रोहश्च निन्‍्दा च पैशुन्यं मत्सरस्तथा

English

As the moonlight does not shine on the moon seized by Rahu, so happiness falls away from beings overcome by darkness.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुमहान्त्यपि शास्त्राणि धारयन्ति बहुश्रुता:

English

That happiness is said to be of two kinds, bodily and mental. In this world and the next, all undertakings are said to be for the sake of happiness; there is nothing more excellent than the fruit of the three aims. This is the desirable special quality; the undertaking of dharma and wealth has this as its cause, and its origin has happiness as its purpose.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निकृत्या मूलमेतद्धि येन पापकृतो जना:

English

"Bhishma said, 'There are these thirty-six virtues (which a king should observe). They are connected with thirty-six others. A virtuous person, by attending to those qualities, can certainly acquire great merit. The king should observe his duties without wrath and malice. He should not abandon kindness. He should have faith. He should acquire wealth without persecution and cruelty. He should pursue pleasure without attachments. He should, with cheerfulness, utter what is the agreeable, and be brave without brag. He should be liberal but should not make gifts to persons that are unobserving. He should have prowess without cruelty. He should make alliance, avoiding those that are wicked. He should not act with hostility towards friends. He should never employ persons not devoted to him as his spies and secret agents. He should never accomplish his objects by persecution. He should never, disclose his purposes before persons that are wicked. He should speak of the merits of others but never his own. He should take wealth from his subjects but never from those that are good. He should never employ or take the assistance of persons that are wicked. He should never inflict punishment without careful enquiry. He should never disclose his counsels. He should give away, but not to persons that are covetous. He should repose confidence on others but never on those that have injured him. He should not cherish malice. He should protect his wedded wives. He should be pure and should not always be melted by compassion. He should not indulge much in female companionship. He should take food that is wholesome and never that which is otherwise. He should without pride pay regards to those that deserve them, and serve his preceptors and seniors with sincerity. He should worship the gods without pride. He should seek prosperity, but never do anything that brings infamy. He should wait (upon his seniors) with humility. He should be clever in business but should always wait for the proper time. He should comfort men and never send them away with empty speeches. Having favoured a person, he should not abandon him. He should never strike in ignorance. Having slain his foe he should never indulge in sorrow. He should display temper, but should never do so when there is no occasion. He should be mild, but never to those that have offended. Conduct thyself thus while ruling thy kingdom if thou wishest to have prosperity. The king that behaves otherwise

हिन्दी अर्थ

कपटका भी मूल कारण लोभ ही है। इसीके कारण मनुष्य पापाचारी हो जाते हैं

English

incurs great danger. That king who observes all these virtues that I have mentioned, reaps many blessings on earth and great rewards in heaven.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोभान्मोहश्न माया च मान: स्तम्भ: परासुता

English

"Vaisampayana continued, 'Hearing these words of Santanu's son, king Yudhishthira, docile in receiving

हिन्दी अर्थ

माया, मोह, अभिमान उद्दण्डता तथा पराधीनता आदि दोष प्रकट होते हैं

English

In heaven the wind is very pleasant and the fragrance sweet; there is no hunger, thirst, fatigue, old age or sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोभसे ही सम्भव होते हैं

English

In heaven there is always happiness; here there is both happiness and sorrow; in hell they say there is only sorrow; but the supreme state is equal.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुलविद्यामदश्नैव रूपैश्चर्यमदस्तथा

English

The earth is the mother of all beings; woman is the mother; the man is Prajapati; they know his seed as made of energy.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वभूतेष्वविश्वास: सर्वभूतेष्वनार्जवम्

English

Thus the making of the world was ordained by Brahma in the beginning; the creatures turn about, each covered by his own deeds."

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्वेषक्रोधप्रसक्ताश्व शिष्टाचारबहिष्कृता:

English

instructions, possessed of great intelligence, and protected by Bhima and others, then worshipped his grandsire and from that time began to rule according to that teaching.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

अवश्यं कार्य इत्येव शरीरस्य क्रियास्तथा

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Sin is quieted by oblation, supreme peace is in study, enjoyment comes from giving, and by austerity one gains everything.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न धर्मध्वजिनश्वैव न गुहं कज्चिदास्थिता:

English

They say giving is of two kinds, for the next world and for this; what is given to the good stands by one in the next.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा कभी सदाचारसे भ्रष्ट नहीं होते हैं, ऐसे पुरुषोंमें तुम्हें प्रेम रखना चाहिए

English

What is given to the bad is enjoyed here; as the gift is given, such is the fruit gained."

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुभुत्सतां सत्त्वपथे स्थितानाम्

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "What is the practice of dharma of each, or what is the mark of dharma? How many kinds of dharma are there? You should tell me."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अष्टपञज्चाशदधिकशततमो ध्याय:

English

[Bhrigu said:] "Those wise ones who are engaged in the practice of their own dharma gain the fruit of dharma; whoever acts otherwise is bewildered."

हिन्दी अर्थ

अज्ञानमपि वै तात श्रोतुमिच्छामि तत्त्वतः

English

[Bharadvaja said:] "This fourfold order of stages of life, ordained long ago by the Brahmarshis: of each, their own observances, you should tell me here."

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रद्वेष्टि साधुवृत्तांश्व स लोकस्यैति वाच्यताम्

English

Bhrigu said: "Long ago the blessed one, acting for the good of the world, ordained four stages for the protection of dharma. Among these, they cite residence in the teacher's house as the first stage. Here, trained rightly in purity, rites, discipline and rules, with humble self, he should attend at both twilights on the sun and fire as deities, abandoning drowsiness and sloth, his inner self purified by saluting the teacher, studying the Veda and hearing; bathing at the three pressings, ever tending the celibate's fire and serving the teacher, with his inner self given over to begging alms and the rest, not opposing the teacher's word and instruction, he should be devoted to study gained by the teacher's grace."

हिन्दी अर्थ

बड़ी निन्दा होती है

English

Here is a verse: the twice-born who, having propitiated his teacher, gains the Veda attains the fruit of heaven, and his mind is fulfilled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शिष्टांस्तु परिपृच्छेथा यान् वक्ष्यामि शुचिव्रतान्

English

"They call the householder's life the second stage; we shall explain all its marks of conduct. For those who have returned home, with wives, seeking the fruit of practising dharma together, the householder's stage is ordained; for in it the three aims, dharma, wealth and desire, are accomplished. Taking up wealth by blameless work, gained by excellence in study, made by the Brahmarshis, or got by the essence of disputation, or gained through the practice of offerings and the grace of the gods, the householder should carry on the householder's life. They say it is the root of all stages; those who live in the teacher's house, wandering mendicants, and others who practise the dharma of chosen vows and rules, from this very stage have their alms and shares of offerings."

हिन्दी अर्थ

भोगोंमें आसक्ति नहीं है तथा प्रिय और अप्रियमें भी जिनका राग-द्वेष नहीं है

English

"For forest-dwellers, the provision of goods is chiefly from it; these good ones, who see the good way, devoted to study, wander the earth for the sake of visiting holy places and seeing countries; for them are rising to greet, saluting, freedom from envy, speaking kindly, a pleasant face, offering seat, bed and food according to ability, and honouring."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखं दुःखं सम॑ येषां सत्यं येषां परायणम्

English

Here is a verse: the guest who goes back disappointed from a man's house gives him his sin and goes away taking his merit.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुःख समान है। सत्य ही जिनका परम आश्रय है

English

"And here the gods are pleased by sacrificial rites, the ancestors by the funeral offering, the sages by Vedic study, hearing and retaining, and Prajapati by begetting offspring."

हिन्दी अर्थ

पितृदेवातिथेयाश्र नित्योद्युक्तास्तथैव च

English

There are two verses here: speak affectionately to all beings, words pleasing to the ear; slander and injury, and harshness, are condemned here.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वभूतहिताश्ैव सर्वदेयाश्न भारत

English

Contempt, ego and hypocrisy are condemned; non-violence, truth and freedom from anger are the austerity belonging to all stages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न तेषां भिद्यते वृत्तं यत्पुरा साधुभि: कृतम्

English

"And here: garlands, ornaments, clothes, unguents, perfumes, enjoyment, dance, song, music pleasing to the ear, sights lovely to the eye, the enjoyment of many kinds of food, drink, lickables, suckables and things to be eaten, contentment in delighting with one's own wife, and the gaining of the pleasure of desire."

हिन्दी अर्थ

है, ऐसे श्रेष्ठ पुरुषोंका ही सदा सेवन करना चाहिए

English

He whose life in the householder's stage is always accomplished in the virtues of the three aims, having enjoyed pleasures here, gains the end of the good.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुव्रता: स्थिरमर्यादास्तानुपास्व च पृच्छ च

English

The householder who lives by gleaning, devoted to the practice of his own dharma, and has given up the undertaking of pleasures of desire, finds heaven not hard to reach.