Anushasana Parva

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य पुन्रैहि मे कृत्स्नो ब्रह्मन् वंश: प्रणाशित:

English

Sankara. The Valikhilyas were on a former occasion disregarded by Maghavat. Filled with wrath at this, they gratified the illustrious Rudra. That lord of the universe, that foremost one of all the deities, thus gratified by the Valikhilyas, said unto them,— Ye shall succeed by your penances in creating a bird that will rob Indra of the Amrita. Through the wrath of Mahadeva on a former occasion, all the waters disappeared. The deities gratified him by performing a sacrifice called Saptakapala, and caused, through his grace, other waters to flow into the worlds. Verily, when the three-eyed deity became gratified, water once more appeared in the world. The wife of Atri, who was conversant with the Vedas, abandoned her husband in a huff and said,— I shall no longer live in subjection to that ascetic— Having said these words, she sought the protection of Mahadeva. Through fear of her lord, Atri, passed three hundred years, abstaining from all food. And all this time she slept on wooden clubs for the purpose of gratifying Bhava. The great deity then appeared unto her and then smilingly addressed her, saying— Thou shalt obtain a son. And thou shalt get that son without the need of a husband, simply through the grace of Rudra. Without doubt that son, born in the race of his father, shall become celebrated for his worth, and assume a name after thee. The illustrious Vikarna also, O slayer of Madhu, full of devotion to Mahadeva, gratified him with severe penances and obtained high and happy success. Sakalya, too, of restrained soul, adored Bhava in a mental sacrifice that he performed for nine hundred years, O Kesava. Gratified with him the illustrious deity said unto him,— Thou shalt become a great author. O son, inexhaustible shall thy fame be in the three worlds. Thy race also shall never come to an end and shall be adorned by many great Rishis that shall take birth in it. Thy son will become the foremost of Brahmanas and will make the Sutras of thy work. There was a celebrated Rishi of the name of Savarni in the Krita age. Here, in this asylum, he underwent severe penances for six thousand years. The illustrious Rudra said,— I am gratified with thee, O sinless one! Without being subject to decrepitude or death, thou shalt become an author celebrated through all the worlds!— In days of yore, Sakra, also, in Baranasi, filled with devotion, O Janarddana, adored Mahadeva who has empty space alone

हिन्दी अर्थ

स ब्रह्मचारी विप्रर्षि: श्रीमान् गृत्समदो5भवत्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] I have a certain doubt; tell it to me, grandfather. In this painful calamity whom else should we ask?

हिन्दी अर्थ

नारदस्य च संवाद वासुदेवस्य चोभयो:

English

As a man must act and what is eternal dharma, all this you ought to explain, mighty-armed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्यं धर्म क्षितिं गाश्न तान्ू नमस्यामि यादव

English

Four wives are ordained for a brahmana, grandfather: brahmin, kshatriya, vaishya and shudra, if he wishes pleasure.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कपोततवृत्तयो नित्यं तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

Among sons born there of all of them, best of the Kurus, in order, which of them deserves the paternal inheritance?

हिन्दी अर्थ

भवन्ति ये दानरता दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

By whom and what should be taken from the father's wealth, grandfather? I wish to hear told the division among them that is remembered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्नका भोजन करते हैं वे भी दुर्गम संकटसे पार हो जाते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] Brahmana, kshatriya and vaishya are the three twice-born classes; among these dharma is ordained for the brahmana, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राप्ता: सोमाहुतिं चैव दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

By accident or greed or desire, scorcher of foes, a shudra woman may be for a brahmana, but is not remembered as an example.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा त्वं वृष्णिशार्टूलेत्युक्त्वैवे विरराम सः

English

A brahmana, placing a shudra woman on his bed, becomes afflicted, and an expiation is made by the rule seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतस्य वीर्यदृप्तस्य हतं पुत्रशतं मया

English

for his garments and who is smeared with ashes as an agreeable unguent. Having adored Mahadeva thus, he obtained the sovereignty of the celestials. Narada also, in days of yore, adored the great Bhava with devotion of heart. Gratified with him, Mahadeva, that preceptor of the celestial preceptor, said these words.— No one shall be thy equal in energy and penances. Thou shalt always attend upon me with thy songs and instrumental music. Hear also, O Madhava, how in former times I succeeded in obtaining a sight of that god of gods, that Master of all creatures, O Lord. Hear also in detail for what object, O thou of great puissance. I invoked with restrained senses and mind that illustrious deity endued with supreme energy. I shall, O sinless one, tell thee with full details all that I succeeded in obtaining from that god of gods, viz., Maheswara. In ancient times, viz., Krita age, O son, there was a Rishi of great fame, named Vyaghrapada. He was celebrated for his knowledge and mastery over the Vedas and their branches. I was born as the son of that Rishi and Dhaumya took birth as my younger brother. On a certain occasion, Madhava, accompanied by Dhaumya, I came upon the asylum of certain Rishis of cleansed souls. There I beheld a cow that was being milked. I saw the milk and it appeared to me to resemble Amrita itself in taste. I then came home, and impelled by childishness, I addressed my mother and said,— Give me some food prepared with milk.— There was no milk in the house, and accordingly my mother was much grieved at my asking for it. My mother took a piece of (rice) cake and boiled it in water, Madhava. The

हिन्दी अर्थ

तमुवाच कृपाविष्टो भृगुर्थर्मभूतां वर:

English

The marked bull, the vehicle, whatever is the chief, the son of the brahmin wife should take as one portion from the father's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एतत् तु वचन श्रुत्वा भगोस्तथ्यं प्रतर्दन:

English

The rest of the brahmin's property is to be made tenfold, Yudhishthira; of that, four shares are to be taken by him from the father's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

एवमप्यस्मि भगवन् कृतकृत्यो न संशय:

English

The son of the kshatriya woman is also a brahmana, without doubt; by his mother's distinction he deserves to take three shares.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनुजानीहि मां ब्रह्मन् ध्यायस्व च शिवेन माम्

English

Born in the third class, of the vaishya woman, from a brahmana, he is to take two shares from the brahmin's property, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततस्तेनाभ्यनुज्ञातो ययौ राजा प्रतर्दन:

English

One born of a shudra woman from a brahmana is remembered as one to whom wealth is to be given always; a little is to be given to a shudra woman's son, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकार क्रोध छोड़कर जैसे आया था वैसे लौट गया

English

This is the order of wealth divided tenfold; among those born of women of the same class, equal shares should be made.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भूगोर्वचनमात्रेण स च ब्रह्मर्षितां गत:

English

They consider the shudra woman's son not a brahmana, from lack of skill; but one born in the three classes from a brahmana becomes a brahmana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तस्य गृत्समद: पुत्रो रूपेणेन्द्र इवापर:

English

Four classes are remembered; a fifth is not found; the shudra woman's son should take a tenth part of his father's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऋग्वेदे वर्तते चाग्रया श्रुतिर्यस्थ महात्मन:

English

What has been given by the father he may take; he cannot take what is not given; wealth must be given to a shudra woman's son, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वर्चा: सुचेतस: पुत्रो विहव्यस्तस्य चात्मज:

English

"Non-cruelty is the highest dharma": it is given to him for that; wherever he is born, he is seen for his qualities.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वितत्यस्य सुतः सत्य: संतः सत्यस्य चात्मज:

English

Even if he has one son, or none, he should not take more than a tenth for a shudra woman's son, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकाशस्य च वागिन्द्रो बभूव जयतां वर:

English

When a twice-born has more than three years' food, he should sacrifice with that wealth; he should not increase wealth in vain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुत्र विजयशीलोंमें श्रेष्ठ वागिन्द्र था

English

A woman should be given wealth of three thousand as an inheritance; and what wealth was given by her husband, she may enjoy; she may not enjoy what was not given.

हिन्दी अर्थ

घृताच्यां तस्य पुत्रस्तु रुरुर्नामोदपद्यत

English

For women the husband's inheritance is remembered as for enjoyment only; women should not in any way take away from the husband's wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुनको नाम विदप्रर्षियस्य पुत्रो5थ शौनक:

English

What a woman has as wealth given by her father, Yudhishthira, the daughter of the brahmin wife should take; she is like a son, for she is ordained equal to a son, descendant of the Kurus.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भृगो: प्रसादादू राजेन्द्र क्षत्रिय: क्षत्रियर्षभ

English

Thus this has been set out in the laws, bull of the Bharatas; remembering this dharma, one should not increase wealth in vain.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्तरेण महाराज किमन्यदनुपृच्छसि

English

[Yudhishthira said:] If the son born of a brahmana by a shudra woman is remembered as one not to be given wealth, by what distinction is a tenth given to him?

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्तरेण तदाचक्ष्व न हि तृप्पामि कथ्यत:

English

One born of a brahmin woman from a brahmana is a brahmana, without doubt; so too of a kshatriya woman, and of a vaishya woman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यह विस्तार-पूर्वक बताइये। आपकी बातें सुनते-सुनते मुझे तृप्ति नहीं होती है

English

Why then would they take unequal shares, best of kings, when you have said that all the three classes are brahmanas?

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रीकृष्णके संवादरूप इस इतिहासका उदाहरण दिया करते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] In the world "wives" is said by one name, scorcher of foes; and by one name said, there is a great difference.

हिन्दी अर्थ

केशव: परिपप्रच्छ भगवन् कान् नमस्यसि

English

Having first taken three wives, if afterward he finds a brahmin woman, she is the senior and is to be honoured, and she is more important than they.

हिन्दी अर्थ

त्वत्तोडन्य: कः पुमॉल्लोके श्रोतुमेतदिहाहति

English

The husband's bathing, adornment, tooth-cleaning, eye-ointment, and whatever offering for gods and ancestors or dharmic act is in the house,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुननेके लिये इस संसारमें आपसे बढ़कर दूसरा कौन पुरुष अधिकारी है?

English

while she stays, no other may do it; the brahmin wife alone should do it for the brahmana, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्थाणुं स्कन्द॑ तथा लक्ष्मी विष्णु ब्रह्माणमेव च

English

Food, drink, garlands, garments and ornaments are to be given to the brahmin wife; she is more important than the husband.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सततं ये नमस्यन्ति तान् नमस्याम्यहं विभो

English

In the treatise stated by Manu too, descendant of the Kurus, great king, this eternal dharma is seen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

महाहनि् वृष्णिशार्दूल सदा सम्पूजयाम्यहम्

English

But if he does otherwise, Yudhishthira, out of desire, then he is, as before seen, a brahmana-Chandala.

हिन्दी अर्थ

लेनेवाले हैं, उन परम पूजनीय पुरुषोंकी ही मैं सदा पूजा करता रहता हूँ

English

A son equal to the brahmin wife's and one born of the kshatriya wife, king, have no distinction here between the two classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संतुष्ट श्च क्षमायुक्तास्तान् नमस्याम्यहं विभो

English

But in the world a kshatriya woman is never equal in birth to a brahmin woman; the brahmin wife's first son should be greater, best of kings; the greater too takes more from the father's wealth, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संतुष्ट रहते और क्षमाशील होते हैं, उनको मैं प्रणाम करता हूँ

English

As a kshatriya woman is never equal to a brahmin woman, so a vaishya woman is never equal to a kshatriya woman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

असंचया: क्रियावन्तस्तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

Prosperity, kingdom and treasury are seen ordained for kshatriyas, Yudhishthira, and the earth to the ocean's edge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भुज्जते देवशेषाणि तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

A kshatriya by his own dharma gains greater prosperity; a king is the bearer of the rod; protection is from none but a kshatriya.

हिन्दी अर्थ

याजनाध्यापने युक्ता नित्यं तान् पूजयाम्यहम्

English

Brahmanas are greatly fortunate, gods even of the gods; towards them a king should behave with honour by rule.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आपूृष्ठतापात् स्वाध्याये युक्तास्तान् पूजयाम्पहम्

English

Knowing the eternal, imperishable dharma set forth by sages, a kshatriya protects the people, who are being lost to their own dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वाध्यायमें संलग्न रहते हैं, उनका मैं पूजन करता हूँ

English

When wealth and wives are being carried off by robbers on all sides, the king is the saviour of all classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शुश्रूषवो5नसूयन्तस्तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

The kshatriya woman's son should be greater than the vaishya woman's son, without doubt; he should take more from his father's wealth, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वोढारो हव्यकव्यानां तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

[Yudhishthira said:] Grandfather, you have told rightly, king, of the brahmana's property; how would the regulation be for the other classes?

हिन्दी अर्थ

कव्यको नियमित-रूपसे चलानेवाले ब्राह्मण हैं उनको मैं मस्तक झुकाता हूँ

English

[Bhishma said:] For a kshatriya too two wives are ordained, descendant of the Kurus, and a third may be a shudra, but not as an example.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निः:सुखा निर्धना ये तु तान् नमस्यामि यादव

English

This is the order for kshatriyas, Yudhishthira; a kshatriya's property should be made eightfold, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ये वेदं प्राप्य दुर्धर्षा वाग्मिनो ब्रह्मवादिन:

English

The son of the kshatriya wife should take four shares of the father's wealth; and what is the father's war spoil, he may take it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शिष्टाचारप्रवृत्ताश्न॒ तान् नमस्याम्यहं सदा

English

The vaishya wife's son gets three shares, and the shudra wife's son the eighth; he too may take what the father gave, and cannot take what is not given.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अलोलुपा: पुण्यशीलास्तान् नमस्यामि केशव

English

A vaishya has only one wife, descendant of the Kurus, or a second may be a shudra, but not as an example.

हिन्दी अर्थ

व्रतैश्न विविधैर्युक्तास्तान्ू नमस्यामि माधव

English

For a vaishya living with a vaishya wife and a shudra wife, bull of the Bharatas, the regulation between them is remembered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्वभूतात्मयोनींश्व॒ तान् नमस्याम्यहं सदा

English

A vaishya's property should be made fivefold, bull of the Bharatas; I shall tell the division among their offspring, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण माननेवाले हैं उनकी मैं सदा वन्दना करता हूँ

English

Four shares of the father's wealth are to be taken by the vaishya wife's son, and the fifth share, Bharata, for the shudra wife's son.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूजिता: पूजनार्हा हि सुखं दास्यन्ति तेडनघ

English

He too may take what the father gave and cannot take what is not given; one born of the three classes of a shudra is one to be given wealth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मण पूजित होनेपर आपको अपने आशीर्वादसे सुख प्रदान करेंगे

English

A shudra should have only a wife of his own class, never another; a shudra's share should be equal even if he has a hundred sons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चरन्ते मान्यमाना वै प्रदास्यन्ति सुखं तव

English

Among sons born of wives of the same class, without distinction, equal shares in wealth are remembered for all classes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्यं सत्ये चाभिरता दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

The eldest's share is the eldest, one portion of the chief; this rule of inheritance, Partha, was told before by the Self-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नित्यस्वाध्यायिनो ये च दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

Among those born of wives of the same class there is no other distinction, king; the earlier one is distinguished by the earlier marriage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तपसा भावितात्मानो दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

The eldest should take the one chief portion, and be equal among sons also; the middle takes the middle, and the youngest the youngest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

शिष्टान्नभोजिनो ये च दुर्गाण्यतितरन्ति ते

English

Thus among all the classes the same-class ones gain excellence; the great sage Marichi's son Kashyapa also said this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करते हैं वे भी संकटसे पार हो जाते हैं--ऐसा कहकर नारदजी चुप हो गये

English

water became whitened and my mother placed it before us saying that it was milk and bade us drink it. I had before that drunk milk on one occasion, for my father had, at the time of a sacrifice, taken me to the residence of some of our great kinsmen. A celestial cow, who delights the deities, was being milked on that occasion. Drinking her milk that resembled Amrita in taste, I knew what the virtues are of milk. I therefore, at once understood the origin of the substance that my mother offered me, telling me that it was milk. Verily, the taste of that cake, O son, did not afford me any pleasure whatever. Impelled by childishness I then addressed mother, saying,— This O mother, that thou hast given me is not any preparation of milk.— Filled with grief and sorrow at this, and embracing me from parental affection and smelling my head, O Madhava, she said unto me,— Whence, O child, can ascetics of cleansed souls obtain food prepared with milk? Such men always reside in the forest and subsist upon bulbs and roots and fruits. Whence shall we who live by the banks of rivers that are the resort of the Valikhilyas, we who have mountains and forest, for our home,— whence, indeed, O child, shall we obtain milk? We, dear child, live (sometimes) on air and sometimes on water. We dwell in asylums in the midst of forests and woods. We habitually abstain from all kinds of food that are taken by persons living in villages and towns. We are accustomed to only such food as is supplied by the produce of the wilderness. There cannot be any milk, O child, in the wilderness

हिन्दी अर्थ

पकड़नेका साहस नहीं कर सकता

English

[Yudhishthira said:] For those born by mixture of classes by this rule, what dharma and what deeds are theirs? Tell me, grandfather.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदि त्वमिह धर्मार्थी मामपि द्रष्टमहसि

English

[Bhishma said:] The Prajapati created the deeds of the four classes and the fourfold order alone first, for sacrifice.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अन्त:पुरे ततस्तस्य स्त्रियो रत्नविभूषिता:

English

Of four wives of a brahmana, his self is born of two; those of two lower, in order, are born of their mother's class.

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनके बीचमें भगवान् ब्रह्माजीके समान शोभा पाने लगे

English

The son of a shudra woman is a better kind of dog to a brahmana; they call him Parashava; he should be the servant of his own family and never leave his own conduct.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स वैदूर्यमणिस्तम्भं विमानं समधिषछित:

English

Having considered all means, he should uphold the thread of his own family; whether eldest or youngest, a son of a twice-born should be obedient and given to giving.

हिन्दी अर्थ

और मणियोंकी बन्दनवारें लगी थीं और वैदूर्यमणिके खम्भे शोभा पा रहे थे

English

Of three wives of kshatriya rank, his self is born of two; in the third, of lower class, a shudra, called Ugra, is remembered.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दयावान् सर्वभूतेषु परत्र सुखमेधते

English

Of a vaishya's two wives, his self is born of two; a shudra woman and one for a shudra produces a shudra only.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किंन प्राप्तं भवेत् तेन स्वव्याजेनेह कर्मणा

English

From this, one better but worse, who violates the teacher's wife, begets an outcaste class, reviled in the fourfold order.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्यक् पूजयसे नित्यं गतिमिष्टामवाप्स्यसि

English

where there are no offspring of Surabhi. l Dwelling on the banks of rivers or in caves or on mountain- breasts, or in tirthas and other places of the kind, we pass our time in the practice of penances and the recitation of sacred Mantras, Siva being our highest refuge. Without gratifying the boon-giving Sthanu of unfading glory,— him, that is, who has three eyes,— whence, O child, can one obtain food prepared with milk and good robes and other objects of enjoyment in the world? Do thou devote thyself, O dear son, to Sankara with thy whole soul. Through his grace, O child, thou art sure to obtain all such objects as administer to the indulgence of all thy wishes,— Hearing these words of my mother, O slayer of foes, that day, I joined my hands in reverence and bowing unto her, said,— O mother, who this Mahadeva? In what manner can one gratify him? Where does that god reside? How may he be seen? With what does he become pleased? What also is the form of Sarva? How may one succeed in obtaining a knowledge of him? If gratified, will he, O mother, show himself unto me?— After I had said these words, O Krishna, to my mother, she, filled with parental affection, smelt my head, O Govinda, her eyes covered with tears the while. Gently patting my body, O slayer of Madhu, my mother, adopting a tone of great humility, addressed me in the following words, O best of the deities.'

हिन्दी अर्थ

भरतसत्तम! मैं आपसे ही धर्मविषयक उपदेश सुनना चाहता हूँ

English

"My mother said, 'Mahadeva is exceedingly difficult to be known by persons of uncleansed souls. These men are incapable of bearing him in their hearts of comprehending him at all. They can retain him in their minds. They cannot seize him, nor can they obtain a sight of him. Men of wisdom aver that his forms are many. Many, again, are the places in which he resides. Many are the forms of his Grace. Who is there that can understand in their details the acts, which are all excellent, of Isa, or of all the forms that he has assumed in days of yore? Who can relate how Sarva sports and how he becomes gratified? Maheswara of universal form resides in the hearts of all creatures. While Munis discoursed on the auspicious and excellent acts of Isana, I have heard from them how, impelled by compassion towards his worshippers, he grants them a sight of his person. For the purpose of showing a favour unto the

हिन्दी अर्थ

वास्तवमें क्या फल मिलता है?

English

A bandi is born from a vaishya, a Magadha living by speech; from a shudra, a Nishada, fish-killer, by the transgression with a kshatriya woman.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इतिहासं पुरावृत्तं शरणार्थ महाफलम्

English

From a shudra by a vaishya woman is born an Ayogava, of village dharma; he cannot be received by brahmanas, a carpenter, living in the forest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जो महान् फल प्राप्त होता है, उसके विषयमें तुम यह एक प्राचीन इतिहास सुनो

English

These too beget their own class in their own wombs; in their mother's class are born the best of the lowest wombs.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृषदर्भ महाभागं नरेन्द्र शरणं गत:

English

As in the four classes his self is born of two, so those born in immediate succession are chiefly outcastes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बाजके डरसे भागकर महाभाग राजा वृषदर्भ (उशीनर)-की शरणमें गया

English

These too beget their own class in their own wombs; living with one another they produce the despised.

हिन्दी अर्थ

येन त्वमिह सम्प्राप्तो विसंज्ञो भ्रान्तचेतन:

English

As a shudra with a brahmin woman begets an outcaste creature, so an outcaste from one more outcaste beget from the fourfold order.

हिन्दी अर्थ

है? जिससे तेरी चेतना भ्रान्त-सी हो रही है तथा तू यहाँ बेसुध-सा होकर आया है

English

Living in reverse order, from the outcaste a more outcaste again; the lower are born from the lower; those classes are only fifteen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मनसा ग्रहणं कर्तु रक्षाध्यक्षपुरस्कृतम्

English

By going to the unapproachable, mixture of classes occurs; among the Vratyas Sairandhras are born, and among the Magadhas one who knows adornment and service, not a slave, living as a slave.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निश्चिन्त हो जा। अब तूझे कोई भय नहीं है'

English

From him an Ayogava begets a hunter living in the forest, and a Vaidehaka begets a Maireyaka and a Madhuka.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अकिक्रान्तं च प्राप्तं च प्रयत्नाच्वोपपादितम्

English

A Nishada begets a Mudgara, and a Dasha who lives by boats; a Chandala begets a Mritapa and the very despised Shvapaka.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अब यह मुझे मिल गया है। इसे मैंने बड़े प्रयत्नसे प्राप्त किया है

English

A Magadhi begets four fierce ones living by deceit: a cook who makes meat tasty, called Saugandha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मुज्चैनं न हि शक्ष्यामि राजन् मन्दयितु क्षुधाम्

English

From a Vaidehaka a most sinful, cruel one living by his wife; from a Nishada a Madranabha who travels by donkey-cart.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राजन! उसे छोड़ दीजिये। मैं अपनी भूखको दबा नहीं सकूँगा

English

From a Chandala a Pulkasa, eating donkey, horse and elephant, wearing the clothes of the dead, eating from broken vessels.

हिन्दी अर्थ

किंचिदुच्छवासनि:श्चवासं न राजन् गोप्तुमहसि

English

Those three are born of Ayogava women of lower class: from a Vaidehaka a low one, Andhra, living outside the village.

हिन्दी अर्थ

खेचरस्य तृषार्तस्य न त्वं प्रभुरथोत्तम

English

A Karavara is born of a Nishadi; from a leatherworker; and from a Chandala a Pandusopaka dealing in skins.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गये हैं। भूख-प्याससे पीड़ित हुए पक्षीके आप स्वामी नहीं हैं

English

An Ahindika is born of a Nishada by a Vaidehi woman; by a Chandala a Sopaka living like a Mudgara.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विषयेष्विन्द्रियाणां च आकाशे मा पराक्रम

English

A Nishadi by a Chandala has a son, an Antavasayin; a Suta moving in cremation grounds, outcast even by outcastes.

हिन्दी अर्थ

रहनेवालोंपर अपने बलका प्रयोग न कीजिये

English

Thus these castes in mixture, from transgression of father and mother, hidden or manifest, are to be known by their own deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कबूतरकी रक्षा करते हों तो मुझ भूखे पक्षीपर भी आपको दृष्टि डालनी चाहिए

English

The dharma is of the four classes alone; there is none for another; among those devoid of dharma no one here has a name.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सम्भाव्य चैनं तद्वाक्यं तदर्थी प्रत्यमभाषत

English

By those who came by chance, excluded from sacrifice, outcastes are born of outcastes according to livelihood and refuge.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निमित्त बैल, भैंसा, सूअर अथवा मृग प्रस्तुत कर दिया जाय

English

They use crossroads, cremation grounds, mountains, other trees, ornaments and implements.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न मुज्चति ममाड्नि द्विजोयं पश्य वै द्विज

English

They give help for cows and brahmanas, without doubt; non-cruelty, compassion, truthful speech, and forgiveness,

हिन्दी अर्थ

भयके मारे मेरे अंगोंको छोड़ नहीं रहा है

English

and protection with their own bodies bring success to outcastes; there, tiger among men, I have no doubt.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भक्षयामि महाराज किमन्याद्येन तेन मे

English

A wise man should beget in the classes as told by instruction, for a son of low womb would sink him as a stone sinks one wishing to cross water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पक्षियोंका मांस खाऊँगा। जो दूसरोंका भोजन है उसे लेकर मैं क्या करूँगा

English

Women lead astray in the world the ignorant or even the learned, who follow desire and anger.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्येना: कपोतान् खादन्ति स्थितिरेषा सनातनी

English

The nature of women is a fault of men here; therefore the wise do not become attached to women.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ततस्त्वं मे प्रयच्छाद्य स्वमांसं तुलया धृतम्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] A man outside the classes, unknown, born of a stained womb, like a noble, how can we know him, king?

हिन्दी अर्थ

बाढमेव करिष्यामीत्युक्त्वासौ राजसत्तम:

English

[Bhishma said:] One born of a stained womb, joined with various conduct, by deeds practised by the good, the purity of his womb is to be known.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करती हुई बाहर निकल आयीं

English

Ignobleness, bad conduct, cruelty and inactivity reveal here in the world a man born of a stained womb.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तासां रुदितशब्देन मन्त्रिभृत्यजनस्य च

English

He takes either his father's conduct or his mother's or both; a mixed man never restrains his own nature.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गर्जनाके समान वहाँ बड़ा भारी कोलाहल मच गया

English

As a tiger similar in form to his mother and father is born spotted, so a man restrains his own womb.

हिन्दी अर्थ

निरुद्धं गगन सर्व शुभ्र॑ मेघै: समन्‍तत:

English

When the stream of the family is covered, he whose womb is mixed takes up that conduct, little or much.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सराजा पार्श्वतश्चैव बाहुभ्यामूरुतश्च॒ यत्

English

One who moves on an artificial path with noble form and conduct is ruled in his resolve by his own nature, whether of his own class or another.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथापि न समस्तेन कपोतेन बभूव ह

English

Among beings of various conduct and various occupations in the world, birth equal to conduct is well joined and does not turn away.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तुलां ततः: समारूढ: स्व॑ मांसक्षयमुत्सूजन्

English

Here a man's body is drawn by sattva; sattva is eldest, middle and youngest; one delights in equal sattva.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुछ देवता आकाशगमें ही खड़े होकर दुन्दुभियाँ बजाने लगे

English

One should not honour even a more senior man if devoid of conduct; but one should honour even a shudra of good conduct who knows dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

दिव्यैश्व सुसुखैर्माल्यैरभिवृष्ट: पुन: पुन:

English

A man declares himself by his deeds, good and bad, made by his own conduct and character; and a man makes even his lost family bright again by his deeds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नृत्तश्नैवोपगीतश्च पितामह इव प्रभु:

English

Among all these wombs and the other mixed ones, a wise man should avoid those in which he would not beget himself.

हिन्दी अर्थ

काशीनामीश्वर: ख्यातस्त्रिषु लोकेषु कर्मणा

English

Brahmanas, the denizens of heaven have recited for their information the diverse forms that were assumed by Mahadeva in days of yore. Thou hast asked me about these. I shall recite them to thee, O

हिन्दी अर्थ

निःशेषं कुपिता: कुर्युरुग्रा: सत्यपराक्रमा:

English

[Yudhishthira said:] Many disputes are heard about sons; for us who are bewildered you ought to cut the doubt, king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्पुरुष ब्राह्मणोंका सदा ही गुण गाना चाहिए

English

[Bhishma said:] The son of oneself is to be known, and the one born immediately after, the appointed-born, the one born of a sister's line,

हिन्दी अर्थ

पुराप्येते महाभागा ब्राह्मणा वै जनाधिप

English

the son of a fallen man's wife united with the husband, two given and made, and another, one of the taken-up.

हिन्दी अर्थ

राक्षसोंके पूजनीय हैं

English

The six born of degradation and the born of a lower class, and the born of an unmarried girl: these have been told; know them, Bharata.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नासुरैर्न पिशाचैश्न शक्‍या जेतुं द्विजातय:

English

[Yudhishthira said:] Who are the six born of degradation, and who are the lower-born? You ought to explain all this truly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ही जीते जा सकते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] The sons born to a brahmana in the three classes, Yudhishthira, and those of two classes to a kshatriya, Bharata,

हिन्दी अर्थ

यमिच्छेयु: स राजा स्याद् ये नेष्ट: स पराभवेत्

English

one of two classes, and here indicated: they are the six born of degradation; hear also the lower-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सत्यं ब्रवीमि ते राजन् विनश्येयुर्न संशय:

English

A Chandala, a Vratya, and a Vena born of a brahmin woman, kshatriya woman, and vaishya woman to a shudra: these three are seen as lower-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सोपि गच्छेत तामेव गतिं भरतसत्तम

English

"My mother continued, 'Bhava assumes the forms of Brahma and Vishnu and the chief of the celestials of the Rudras, the Adityas, and the Aswins; and of those deities that are called Viswadevas. He assumes the forms also of men and women, of Pretas and Pisachas, of Kiratas and Savaras, and of all aquatic animals. That illustrious deity assumes the forms of also those Savaras that dwell in the woods and forests. He assumes the forms of tortoises and fishes and conches. He it is that

हिन्दी अर्थ

पूतात्मा वै भवेत् लोके शृणुयाद् यश्च नित्यश:

English

assumes the forms of those coral sprouts that are used as ornaments by men. He assumes also the forms of Yakshas, Rakshasas and Snakes, of Daityas and Danavas. Indeed, the illustrious god assumes the forms of all creatures too that live in holes. He assumes the forms of tigers and lions and deer, of wolves and bears and birds, of owls and of jackals as well. He it is that assumes the forms of swans and crows and peacocks, of chameleons and lizards and storks. He it is that assumes the forms of cranes and vultures and Chakravakas. Verily, he it is that assumes the forms of Chasas and of mountains also. O son, it is Mahadeva that assumes the forms of kine and elephants and horses and camels and asses. He assumes also the forms of goats and leopards and diverse other varieties of animals. It is Bhava who assumes the forms of diverse kinds of birds of beautiful plumage. It is Mahadeva who bears the forms of persons with sticks and those with umbrellas and those with calabashes among Brahmanas. 1 He sometimes becomes six-faced and sometimes becomes multifaced. He sometimes assumes forms having three eyes and forms having many heads. And he sometimes assumes forms having many millions of legs and forms having innumerable stomachs and faces and forms endued with innumerable arms and innumerable sides. He sometimes appears surrounded by innumerable spirits and ghosts. He it is that assumes the forms of Rishis and Gandharvas, and of Siddhas and Charanas. He sometimes assumes a form that is rendered white with the ashes he smears on it and is adorned with a half-moon on the forehead. Adored with diverse hymns uttered with diverse kinds of voice and worshipped with diverse Mantras fraught with encomiums, he, that is sometimes called Sarva, is the Destroyer of all creatures in the universe, and it is upon him, again, that all creatures rest as on their common foundation. Mahadeva is the soul of all creatures. He pervades all things. He is the speaker of all discourses (on duties and rituals). He resides everywhere and should be known as dwelling in the hearts of all creatures in the universe. He knows the desire cherished by every one of his worshippers. He becomes acquainted with the object in which one pays him adorations. Do thou then, if it pleases thee, seek the protection of the chief of the deities. He sometimes rejoices, and sometimes yields to wrath, and sometimes utters the syllable Hum with a very loud noise. He sometimes arms himself with the discus, sometimes with the trident, sometimes with the mace, sometimes with the heavy mullets, sometimes with the scimitar, and sometimes with the battle axe. He it is that assumes the form of Sesha who sustains the world on his head. He has snakes for his belt, and his ears are adorned with ear-rings made of snakes. Snakes form also the sacred thread he wears. An elephant skin

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणानामनुष्ठानमत्यन्तं सुखमिच्छता

English

[Yudhishthira said:] Some say the field-born son, some the seed-born; to whom do these two sons belong? Tell me, grandfather.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सुखकी इच्छा रखनेवाले नरेशको ऐसा ही करना चाहिए

English

[Bhishma said:] A son may be of the seed, or abandoned, or field-born, or taken-up having broken an agreement; learn this from me.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रोत्रियान ब्राह्मणान् वृद्धान् नित्यमेवाभिपूजयेत्

English

[Yudhishthira said:] We know the seed-born son; how is the field-born's origin? And how do we know the taken-up son, having left the agreement?

हिन्दी अर्थ

सान्त्वेन भोगदानेन नमस्कारैस्तथार्चयेत्

English

[Bhishma said:] One who, having begotten a son of himself, abandons him for another cause: the seed is no reason there; he would belong to the field's owner.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यथा5त्मानं यथा पुत्रांस्तथैतान् प्रतिपालयेत्

English

A man wishing a son, for a son's sake, chooses a woman, lord of men; there the field is the standard, and the son is not self-born.

हिन्दी अर्थ

भी करे। यही राजाका प्रधान कर्तव्य है; जिसपर उसे सदा ही दृष्टि रखनी चाहिए

English

Elsewhere a field-born son is seen, bull of the Bharatas; the self cannot be killed, for he has attained the example.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेषु शान्तेषु तद् राष्ट्र सर्वमेव विराजते

English

Some made son is seen by adoption; neither seed nor field is the standard there, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तेष्वेव यात्रा लोकानां भूतानामिव वासवे

English

[Yudhishthira said:] What kind of made son is seen by adoption, where neither seed, field nor standard is observed, Bharata?

हिन्दी अर्थ

उनका सर्वनाश कर डालते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] One who is seen on the road abandoned by mother and father, whose mother and father are not known, he is the made son.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कुपिता: समुदीक्षन्ते दावेष्वग्निशिखा इव

English

In whom one sees lordship over one without a lord, he of his own class should support him, and he is born of his own class.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सन्ति चैषामतिशठास्तथैवान्ये तपस्विन:

English

[Yudhishthira said:] How should his rite be applied, and to whom? How should a maiden be given? Tell me that, grandfather.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणोंमें कुछ तो अत्यन्त शठ होते हैं और दूसरे महान् तपस्वी

English

[Bhishma said:] One should do his rite as for oneself, and as a master.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चौराश्नान्येडनृताश्चान्ये तथान्ये नटनर्तका:

English

One abandoned by mother and father who takes to his own class, unfallen one, one should perform his rite by his gotra and class.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नाचनेका कार्य करते हैं

English

Then a maiden is to be given by his class, Yudhishthira; and to perform the rite, by the mother's gotra, in the determination of mother's class.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विविधाकारययुक्ताश्न ब्राह्मणा भरतर्षभ

English

The Kanina and Adhyudha-born are to be known as sons of fault; they are both to be given rites as if their own sons: so it is settled.

हिन्दी अर्थ

करनेमें समर्थ होते हैं और अनेक ब्राह्मण नाना प्रकारके आकार धारण करते हैं

English

Field-born, lower-born and those taken up should have rites applied by brahmanas and the rest as to themselves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

धर्मज्ञानां सतां तेषां नित्यमेवानुकीर्तयेत्

English

This is seen as the determination of the classes in the law books. All this has been told to you; what more do you wish to hear?

हिन्दी अर्थ

परिकुप्यन्ति ते राजन् सतत द्विषतां द्विजा:

English

forms his upper garment, l He sometimes laughs and sometimes sings and sometimes dances most beautifully. Surrounded by innumerable spirits and ghosts, he sometimes plays on musical instruments. Diverse, again are the instruments upon which he plays, and sweet the sounds they yield. He sometimes wanders (over crematoria), sometimes yawns, sometimes cries, and sometimes causes others to cry. He sometimes assumes the guise of one that is mad, and sometimes of one that is intoxicated, and he sometimes utters words that are exceedingly sweet. Endued with appalling fierceness, he sometimes laughs loudly, frightening all creatures with his eyes. He sometimes sleeps and sometimes remains awake and sometimes yawns as he pleases. He sometimes recites sacred Mantras and sometimes becomes the deity of those Mantras which are recited. He sometimes performs penances and sometimes becomes the deity for whose adoration those penances are undergone. He sometimes makes gifts and sometimes receives those gifts; sometimes disposes himself in Yoga and sometimes becomes the object of the Yoga contemplation of others. He may be seen on the sacrificial platform or in the sacrificial stake; in the midst of the cow-pen or in the fire. He may not again be seen there. He may be seen as a boy or as an old man. He sports with the daughters and the spouses of the Rishis. His hair is long and stands erect. He is perfectly naked, for he has the horizon for his garments. He is endued with terrible eyes. He is fair, he is darkish, he is dark, he is pale, he is of the colour of smoke, and he is red. He is possessed of eyes that are large and terrible. He has empty space for his covering and he it is that covers all things. Who is there that can truly understand the limits of Mahadeva who is formless, who is one and indivisible, who conjures of illusions, who is of the cause of all actions and destructive operations in the universe, who assumes the form of Hiranyagarbha, and who is without beginning and without end, and who is without birth. 2 He lives in the heart (of every creature). He is the prana, he is the mind, and he is Jiva (that is invested in the material case). He is the soul of Yoga, and it is that is called Yoga. He is the Yoga-contemplation into which Yogins enter. 3 He is the Supreme Soul. Indeed Maheswara, the purity in essence, is capable of being comprehended not by the senses but through only the Soul seizing his existence. He plays on diverse musical

हिन्दी अर्थ

सदा पूज्या नमस्कारै रक्ष्याश्व॒ पितृवन्नूपै:

English

[Bhishma said:] Come, I shall tell you an ancient event, greatly radiant one: the conversation of Nahusha and the great sage Chyavana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कोई अन्यथा विचार नहीं करना चाहिए

English

Long ago the great sage Chyavana Bhargava, bull of the Bharatas, of great vows, began a water-dwelling vow.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथैव तेपि प्रीयन्ते येषां भवति तद्धवि:

English

Having killed pride, anger, joy and grief, the sage, firm in his vow, stayed twelve years living in water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आती है। वे मरनेके बाद नष्ट नहीं होते हैं, उत्तम गतिको प्राप्त हो जाते हैं

English

He placed supreme, good trust in all beings, among creatures living in water, like the cool-rayed moon.

हिन्दी अर्थ

येन येनैव हविषा ब्राह्म॒णांस्तर्पयेन्नर:

English

Becoming still and pure, and bowing to the gods, he entered the water between the Ganga and the Yamuna.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणादेव तद् भूतं प्रभवन्ति यत: प्रजा:

English

He took on his head the very terrible, terrible-sounding force of the Ganga and Yamuna, swift as the wind.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेहैष मार्ग स्वर्गस्य तथैव नरकस्य च

English

The Ganga and Yamuna and the rivers following them circled the sage and did not trouble him.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणो भरतश्रेष्ठ स्वधर्म चैव वेद यः:

English

The great sage slept in the water, like a log, and then the wise one stood upright, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

द्विज अपने प्रति सदा द्वेष रखनेवालोंपर कुपित हो उठते हैं

English

instruments. He is a vocalist. He has a hundred thousand eyes, he has one mouth, he has two mouths, he has three mouths, and he has many mouths. Devoting thyself to him, setting thy heart upon him, depending upon him, and accepting him as thy one refuse, do thou, O son, adore Mahadeva and then mayst thou obtain the fruition of all thy wishes. Hearing those words of my mother, O slayer of foes, from that day my devotion was directed to Mahadeva, having nothing else for its object. I then applied myself to the practice of the austerest penances for gratifying Sankara. For one thousand years I stood on my left toe. After that I passed one thousand years, subsisting only upon fruits. The next one thousand years I passed, subsisting upon the fallen leaves of trees. The next thousand years I passed, subsisting upon water only. After that I passed seven hundred years, subsisting on air alone. In this way, I adored Mahadeva for a full thousand years of the celestials. After this, the puissant Mahadeva, the Master of all the universe, became gratified with me. Desirous of ascertaining whether I was solely devoted to him and him alone, he appeared before me in the form of Sakra surrounded by all the deities. As the celebrated Sakra, he had a thousand eyes on his person and was armed with the thunderbolt. And he rode on an elephant whose complexion was of the purest white, with eyes red, ears folded, the temporal juice

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणैर्य: पराकृष्ट: पराभूयात् क्षणाद्धि सः

English

Then once, at some time, men who lived by fishing came to that place with nets in hand, greatly radiant one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देते हैं; उसका एक क्षणमें पराभव हो जाता है

English

Many Nishadas there, bent on taking fish, exerting, strong, brave, never turning back from the waters, came to that place, resolved on net-work.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृषलत्वं परिगता ब्राह्मणानामदर्शनात्

English

They set the net with special care, lord of men, having reached the fish water, best of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कोलिसर्पा माहिषकास्तास्ता: क्षत्रियजातय:

English

Then those fishermen, wishing fish, by many means cast it into the waters of the Ganga and Yamuna with nets.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रेयान् पराजयस्तेभ्यो न जयो जयतां वर

English

Their net, well spread and newly made, was of suitable width and length for the water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्रह्मवध्या महान् दोष इत्याहु: परमर्षय:

English

Then all of them, scattering a very large, strong, well-twisted net on every side, dragged it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आसीताधोमुखलस्तूष्णीं समुत्थाय व्रजेच्च वा

English

Fearless and glad, controlled by one another, they caught fish and other water-creatures there.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यो ब्राह्मणविरोधेन सुखं जीवितुमुत्सहेत्

English

So by the net, by chance, they dragged along Chyavana, Bhrigu's descendant, surrounded by fish, great king.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चन्द्रमा इनके राजा हैं। ये मनुष्यको सुख और दु:ख देनेमें समर्थ हैं

English

His limbs smeared with river weeds, with green beard and matted hair, covered with clinging shells in his limbs and bellies, as if painted,

हिन्दी अर्थ

जायतां ब्रह्मवर्चस्वी राष्ट्रे वै ब्राह्मण: शुचि:

English

seeing him drawn up by the net, that knower of the Vedas, the fishermen with joined palms fell on the ground with their heads.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणं जातिसम्पन्नं धर्मज्ञ संशितव्रतम्

English

From distress and fear, and from dragging the net, and from being dragged on land, the fish perished.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मण समस्त प्राणियोंके पिता हैं। इनसे बढ़कर दूसरा कोई प्राणी नहीं है

English

Seeing that slaughter of fish, the sage was filled with pity and sighed again and again.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आदित्यश्रन्द्रमा वायुरापो भूरम्बरं दिश:

English

[The Nishadas said:] "Show us favour in the sin done through ignorance; tell us what dear thing we may do for you, great sage."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणके शरीरमें प्रवेश करके अन्न भोजन करते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] Thus addressed, Chyavana, standing amid the fish, said: "Hear with attention the highest wish I have today.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणद्रोही पापात्माका अन्न देवता भी नहीं ग्रहण करते हैं

English

I shall go with the fish, giving up breath or by sale; I cannot leave these who have lived with me in the water."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणेषु तु तुष्टेषु प्रीयन्ते पितर: सदा

English

Thus addressed, the Nishadas, trembling with great fear, all with downcast faces, told Nahusha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

न ते प्रेत्य विनश्यन्ति गच्छन्ति न पराभवम्

English

trickling down his cheeks, with trunk contracted, terrible to look at, and endued with four tusks. Indeed, riding on such an elephant, the illustrious chief of the deities seemed to blaze forth with his energy. With a beautiful crown on his head and adorned with garlands round his neck and bracelets round his arms, he approached the spot where I was. A white umbrella was held over his head. And he was waited upon by many Apsaras, and many Gandharvas sang his praise. Addressing me, he said,~0 foremost of regenerate persons, I have been gratified with thee. Beg of me whatever boon thou desirest,— Hearing these words of Sakra I did not become glad. Verily, O Krishna, I answered the chief of the celestials in these words. —I do not desire any boon at thy hands, or from the hands of any other deity. O amiable deity, I tell thee truly, that it is Mahadeva only from whom I have boons to ask. True, true it is, O Sakra, true are these words that I say unto thee. No other words are at all agreeable to me save those which relate to Maheswara. At the command of Pashupati, that Lord of all creatures, I am ready to become a worm or a tree with many branches. If not obtained through the grace represented by Mahadeva's boons, the very sovereignty of the three worlds would not be acceptable to me. Let me be born among the very Chandalas but let me still be devoted to the feet of Hara. Without, again, being devoted to that Lord of all creatures, I would not like to have birth in the palace of Indra himself. If a person be wanting in devotion to that Lord of the universe,— that Master of the deities and the Asuras,— his misery will not end even if from want of food he has to subsist upon only air and water, l What is the need of other discourses that are even fraught with other kinds of morality and

हिन्दी अर्थ

अपरेषां परेषां च परेभ्यश्रैव येडपरे

English

Having done purification as is right, the king, with joined palms and controlled, announced himself to the great-souled Chyavana.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सृष्टवा द्विजातीन् धाता हि यथापूर्व समादधत्

English

And the king's priest honoured him, truthful of vow, greatly fortunate, god-like, lord of men.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वराहमृगसत्त्वाश्न॒ जलसत्त्वास्तथापरे

English

[Nahusha said:] "What dear thing shall I do for you? You ought to tell me; I shall do all, blessed one, even if very hard."

हिन्दी अर्थ

शक्रशम्बरसंवादं तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर

English

[Chyavana said:] "These fishermen, who live by fish, are joined with great toil; give them my price along with the sale of the fish."

हिन्दी अर्थ

विरूपं रथमास्थाय प्रश्न॑ पप्रच्छ शम्बरम्

English

[Nahusha said:] "Let a thousand be given as the price to the Nishadas, priest, as the descendant of Bhrigu says, for the blessed one's ransom."

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्रेष्ठ त्वां केन मन्यन्ते तद् वै प्रब्रूहि तत्त्वतः

English

[Chyavana said:] "I am not worth a thousand; or what do you think, king? Let a suitable price be given; decide by your own mind."

हिन्दी अर्थ

कारण तुम्हें सर्वश्रेष्ठ मानते हैं? यह ठीक-ठीक बतलाओ

English

[Nahusha said:] "Let a hundred thousand be quickly given to the Nishadas; if this should be the price, or what else do you think, blessed one?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

शास्त्राणि वदतो विप्रान् सम्मन्यामि यथासुखम्

English

[Chyavana said:] "I am not to be measured by a hundred thousand, best of kings; let a suitable price be given; think with your ministers."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणेष्वेव शाम्यन्ति तेजांसि च बलानि च

English

righteousness, unto those persons who do not like to live even a moment without thinking of feet of Mahadeva? When the unrighteous or sinful Kali Yuga comes, one should never pass a moment without devoting his heart upon Mahadeva. One that has drunk the Amrita constituted by the devotion to Hara, one becomes freed from the fear of the world. One that has not obtained the grace of Mahadeva can never succeed to devote oneself to Mahadeva for a single day or for half a day or for a Muhurta or for a Kshana or for a Lava (very small unit of time). At the command of Mahadeva I shall cheerfully become a worm or an insect, but I have no relish for even the sovereignty of the three worlds, if bestowed by thee, O Sakra. At the word of Hara I would become even a dog. In fact, that would accord with my highest wish. If not given by Maheswara, I would not have the sovereignty of the very deities. I do not wish to have this dominion of the Heavens. I do not wish to have the sovereignty of the celestials. I do not wish to have the region of Brahma. Indeed, I do not wish to have that cessation of individual existence which is called Emancipation and which involves a complete identification with Brahma. But I want to become the slave of Hara. As long as that Lord of all creatures, the illustrious Mahesa, with crown on his head and body possessed of the pure white complexion of the lunar disc, does not become gratified with me, so long shall I cheerfully bear all those afflictions, due to a hundred repetitions of decrepitude, death and birth, that befall to the lot of embodied beings. What person in the universe can obtain tranquillity, without gratifying Rudra that is freed from decripitude and death, that is endued with the effulgence of the Sun, the Moon, or the fire, that is the root or original cause of everything real and unreal in the three worlds, and that exists as one and indivisible entity? If in consequence of my faults, rebirths be mine, I shall, in those new births, devote myself solely to Bhava.'"

हिन्दी अर्थ

भरद्वाजो वैहतव्यानैलांश्व भरतर्षभ

English

"Indra said, 'What reason canst thou assign for the existence of a Supreme Being or for His being the

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा भरद्वाजने हैहयोंको और इलाके पुत्रोंको पराजित किया था

English

[Nahusha said:] "Let half the kingdom or all be given to the Nishadas; I think this is the price, or what else do you think, twice-born?"

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रक्षिप्पाथ च कुम्भान् वै पारगामिनमारभेत्

English

[Chyavana said:] "I am not worth half the kingdom or all, king; let a suitable price be given; let it be thought of with sages."

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्व तद् ब्राह्मणेष्वेव गूढो उग्निरिव दारुषु

English

[Bhishma said:] Hearing the great sage's word, Nahusha, tormented with sorrow, thought with his ministers and priest.

हिन्दी अर्थ

संवाद वासुदेवस्य पृथ्व्याश्न भरतर्षभ

English

There another sage, a forest-dweller living on roots and fruits, born in a cow, was near Nahusha.

हिन्दी अर्थ

केनस्वित् कर्मणा पाप॑ व्यपोहति नरो गृही

English

Addressing the king, that best of the twice-born said: "I shall please the brahmana so that he will be pleased.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतो भूतिरत: कीर्तिरितो बुद्धि: प्रजायते

English

I do not speak falsely, even in jest, still less otherwise; what I tell you, you should do without hesitation."

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति मां नारद: प्राह सततं सर्वभूतये

English

[Nahusha said:] "Let the blessed one say the price suitable for the great sage Bhrigu; save me and my country and my family from this.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देनेवाले महारथी क्षत्रियके उत्पन्न होनेकी कामना करनी चाहिए

English

The angry blessed one could burn even the three worlds entire; how much more me, lacking austerity and relying on strength of arm?

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा दुश्चरितं सर्व पराभावाय कल्पते

English

For me sunk in unfathomable water with my ministers and priests, be a raft, great sage, and decide the price."

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणोंका संग प्राप्त होते ही सारा दुष्कर्म नष्ट हो जाता है

English

[Bhishma said:] Hearing Nahusha's word, the mighty one born in a cow, gladdening all the ministers and the king, said:

हिन्दी अर्थ

वशमें रखनेवाला पवित्र पुरुष ब्राह्मणोंकी आज्ञाके अधीन रहे

English

"Brahmanas, great king, are priceless, the greatest of classes, and cows, lord of the earth; let a cow be set as the price."

हिन्दी अर्थ

साधु साध्विति कौरव्य मेदिनीं प्रत्यपूजयत्

English

Hearing the great sage's word, king, Nahusha, joined with great joy, with his ministers and priest,

हिन्दी अर्थ

सतत पूजयेथास्त्वं तत: श्रेयोडभिपत्स्यसे

English

approached Bhrigu's son Chyavana of sharp vows and spoke this, king, as if satisfying him with his words:

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणोंका पूजन करते रहो। इससे तुम कल्याणके भागी होओगे

English

"Rise, rise, brahmana sage; you are bought by a cow, Bhargava; I take this as your price, best of upholders of dharma."

हिन्दी अर्थ

नमस्य: सर्वभूतानामतिथि: प्रसृताग्रभुक्

English

[Chyavana said:] "I rise, king of kings; I am rightly bought by you, sinless one; I see no wealth here equal to cows, unfallen one.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राणियोंका वन्दनीय, अतिथि और प्रथम भोजन पानेका अधिकारी है

English

Naming, hearing, giving and seeing cows, hero, is praised, removing all sin, auspicious.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गीर्भिदरिणयुक्ताभिरभिहन्युरपूजिता:

English

Cows are always the root of prosperity; in cows there is no sin; cows are always food, and the highest offering of the gods.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अभिशापयुक्त कठोर वाणीद्वारा नष्ट कर डालें

English

Svaha and vashat are always established in cows; cows are the leaders of sacrifice and its mouth.

हिन्दी अर्थ

गुप्तो गोपायते ब्रह्मा श्रेयो वस्तेन शोभनम्

English

They flow and bear nectar, imperishable, divine; they are the abode of nectar, saluted by all worlds.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रमाणं सर्वभूतानां प्रग्रहाश्ष भविष्यथ

English

By splendour and by form cows are like fire on earth; cows are great splendour and give happiness to beings.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तथा स्वाध्यायका अत्यधिक माहात्म्य उपलब्ध होता है

English

The place where a herd of cows is settled and breathes fearless, it makes that place shine and removes sin.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अग्रभोज्या: प्रसूतीनां श्रिया ब्राह्म॒यानुकल्पिता:

English

Cows are the ladder to heaven; cows are worshipped even in heaven; cows are wish-granting goddesses; nothing else is remembered as higher.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पहले भोजन पानेके अधिकारी होते हैं

English

Thus I have told the greatness of cows, best of kings; a single aspect of their qualities has been told, but a full recital cannot be."

हिन्दी अर्थ

दमस्वाध्यायनिरता: सर्वान् कामानवाप्स्यथ

English

[The Nishadas said:] "Sight and talk, sage, have been done with us; the good have seven steps for friendship; show us favour, lord.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विप्राणामनुकम्पार्थ तेन प्रोक्ते हि धीमता

English

As fire enjoys all offerings, so you, righteous-souled one, are the person-fire of great power.

हिन्दी अर्थ

बुद्धिमान धाताने ब्राह्मणोंपर कृपा करनेके लिये ही ऐसा कहा है

English

We propitiate you, learned one; we bow to you; for our sake let this cow be accepted."

हिन्दी अर्थ

दुरासदाश्न चण्डाश्व रभसा: क्षिप्रकारिण:

English

[Chyavana said:] "What is the eye of a wretch and of a poisonous sage burns a man to the root, like blazing fire a dry grove.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वेगशाली और शीघ्रकारी होते हैं

English

I accept the cow from you, fishermen; your sins are freed; go quickly to heaven with the fish taken in the net."

हिन्दी अर्थ

शक्ति वाराह और मृगके समान होती है। कितने ही जल-जन्तुओंके समान होते हैं

English

[Bhishma said:] Then by the grace of that great sage of purified self, the Nishadas went to heaven with the fish at his word.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विभाष्यघातिन: केचित् तथा चक्षुर्हणो5परे

English

Then King Nahusha, astonished and steady, saw the fish and the Nishadas ascending to heaven, bull of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विविधानीह वृत्तानि ब्राह्मणानां युधिष्ठिर

English

Then the one born in a cow and Chyavana, descendant of Bhrigu, offered the king fitting boons.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वृषलत्वमनुप्राप्ता ब्राह्मणानाममर्षणात्

English

Then the mighty king Nahusha, lord of the earth, pleased, said "Enough," best of the Bharatas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

देवता स्वर्गलोकमें निवास करते हैं

English

Then the king, like Indra, took steadiness in dharma; urged "So be it," pleased, he honoured the two sages.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ब्राह्मणा हि महात्मानो देवानामपि देवता:

English

His vow complete, Chyavana then went to his own hermitage, and the greatly radiant one born in a cow went to his own hermitage.

हिन्दी अर्थ

यदीच्छसि महीं भोक्तुमिमां सागरमेखलाम्

English

The Nishadas and the fish went to heaven, lord of men, and Nahusha, having gained a boon, entered his own city.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सेवाके द्वारा सदा ब्राह्मणोंकी पूजा करते रहो

English

This has been told to you, dear one, which you asked me: what affection in sight, and what in living together, Yudhishthira.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रतिग्रहं ये नेच्छेयुस्ते भ्यो रक्ष्यं त्वया नृप

English

The greatness of cows and the determination of dharma: what more shall be told, hero? What do you wish to say in your heart?