Adhyaya 8

हिन्दी अर्थ

४२ द वायुपुराणम्

English

When the mobile and immobile beings had already perished, Brahma assumed the form of wind and moved about in the water, (enveloped) in darkness. When the surface of the earth had been completely covered by the water, when the elements remained undivided and undifferentiated, the self-born lord, surveying everything, moved about like the glowworm at night during the rainy season. 1 Seeking a means for putting it back in position after knowing that the earth is immersed in water, he became enlightened by means of inference (as to the way) of.lifting up the earth. He created another body which he recollected (as having been assumed) in the previous Kalpas. On seeing the earth fully engulfed in waters, he entered the waters after assuming the form of a Boar.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(अहंऊूता अहँमाना अश्ञााविशद्विधात्मका: । एकादशेन्द्रियचिधा नवधा चोदयस्तथा

English

After lifting up the earth from the waters, he deposited the waters of the oceans in the oceans, of the rivers in the rivers and of the earth on the earth. Then he collected the mountains. When the previous creation was being burnt by the Samvartaka, fire of dissolution, the mountains lay destroyed and (scattered) all over the earth. In that one vast ocean, the (solidified) waters tossed by wind got collected together due to cold. Wherever they were (thus) stuck (heaped) together, there they became immovable.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अष्ठों च तारकायाश्र तेषां शक्तिविधाः स्मताः। अन्तःप्रकाशास्ते सर्व आछ्ूताश्व बहिः पुनः

English

The mountains are called Acalas because they become motionless after being dried up and solidified. Because they have knots and joints they are called Parvatas. They are called Cf. Supra 6. 7-11. A repetition of verses. Then, after lifting up the earth from within the waters, the Lord established it in its position again and made division in it.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ते सुखप्रीतिबहुला बहिरन्तश्व संब्ृता:। प्रकाशा बहिरन्‍्तश्च ऊध्वस्तोतोक्षचाः स्म्ताः

English

In each of its seven continents, 2 he made seven Varsas (sub-continents). He levelled the uneven places and collected the mountains, with (heaps of) rocks. There are forty(?) Varsas in all the continents together. There are as many mountains also stationed at the extremities of the Varsas. They were assembled there at the beginning of creation according to their nature and not otherwise. The seven continents and the (seven) oceans encircle each other. They are in contiguity with.each others, surround¬ ing each other naturally.

हिन्दी अर्थ

ऊरध्वस्तोतःस सप्टेषु देवेषु स तदा प्रभुः। प्रीतिमानभवद्न्रह्म ततोडन्यं सो5भयरुन्यत

English

Even at the outset, Brahma created all these stations, the four worlds, viz. Bhilh etc., the sun, the moon and planets, Formerly at the beginning of this Kalpa 3, Brahma created the Sthdniiis (presiding deities or occupants of these posts). He created waters, fire, earth, wind, ether, heaven, elysium, quarters, oceans, rivers, mountains, the souls of medi¬ cinal herbs, the souls of trees, creepers, units of time, Lavas, Kasthas, ICalas, Muhurfas, junctions (of night and day or twi¬ light), night* day, fortnight, months, Ayanas (transits of the sun), years and yugas. He created separately the abodes as well as the occup¬ ants presiding therein (who identified themselves with the

हिन्दी अर्थ

विपरीत मार्ग पर चलने वाले ध्यान और अध्यान पर कुछ भी विचार करने वाले न थे। उस तियेक स्रोत सगे को देखकर ईइ्वर ने पुनः दूसरे प्रकार की सृष्टि की । वह सुष्टि अहंकार भाव वाली और अद्ठाइस प्रकार की है । एकादश इन्द्रिय वाले उस सर्ग का नवविध उदय बताया गया है ।४२-४३॥ तारक आदि की संख्या आठ है, जिनकी शक्ति भिन्न भिन्न प्रकार की हैं। उनका अन्तस् प्रकाशमान परन्तु बाहर से वे ढके हुये हैं ४४।

English

These are semantic etymologies i.c. those based on the meaning of the word. The derivations of acala or giri are understandable but others are doubtful. The Sapta-dvipi conception (division of the earth into seven continents) has superseded the Catur-dvipi concept( division of the earth into four parts) of old Puranas. The figure seven was then popular. Thus the earth is divided into seven continents. Each continent has seven sub-continents; each sub-con¬ tinent has seven mountain ranges (Kula Parvatos ), seven big rivers etc. For their description vide infra Chapters 40-49. Verses 17 ff. describe the process of re-creation of the Universe. Due to the inexorable law of Karma, every being has to re-start his or her life accord¬ ing to one's Karma in the new Kalpa. There is no automatic Mok$a even after the complete annihilation of the Universe at the end of a Kalpa.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(वे तियंक् व्यवहार वाले हैं अतः तियंक् स्लोत उनका नाम है। इस तियंक् स्रोत वाली सृष्टि को देख कर भी ईइवर ने तृतीय सृष्टि की इच्छा की क्योंकि पूर्व की दो सृष्टियों को देखकर उनके हृंदय में अन्य प्रकार की सृष्टि करने की इच्छा हुई थी)। उनके नित्य ध्यान से सात्त्विक सर्ग उत्पन्न हुआ ।४५-४६। वह तीसरा स्ग ऊर्घ्वस्लोत हुआ जो कि ऊध्वे दिशा की ओर ही व्यवस्थित रहा। यतः उसके ऊपर की ओर ही गति थी

English

They are Kna, Treta, Dvapara and Kali. In the beginning of the Kalpa, during the first Kytayuga, he created the subjects (beings). The subjects of the previous ages who have been men¬ tioned to you by me, were burnt by the Sarhvartaka fire then in the Kalpa that was coning to an end. Those who could not reach Tapoloka, had resorted to the Janaloka. They began to function as seeds for the future creation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इसलिये उस सर्ग का नाम ऊध्वेस्रोत पड़ा । उस सर्ग के जीव सुखी और प्रेमी थे। उनका अन्तः और बाह्य दोनों प्रकाशभान और समान रूप से व्यवस्थित था। ऐसे ऊध्वेत्नोत सर्ग से उत्पन्न सभी ऊध्वेस्रोत ही कहे जाते हैं ।४७-४८। उसी सर्ग के अन्तर्गत जीवों में प्राण संचार करने वाले वायु आदि सम्मिलित हैं । उध्वं प्रवृत्ति होने के कारण ही वह सर्गे ऊरध्वत्नोत कहा गया है ४६। उस समय ऊध्वंस्रोत देवों की सृष्टि हो जाने के

English

Abiding there, in the form of seeds for the subsequent creation, they, on being let loose (scattered) serve the purpose of progeny. The subjects, Dcvas, Pitys, sages and Manus are those who accomplish (the four Purusarihas viz.) virtue (Dharma), wealth (Artha), pleasure (Kama), and salvation (Moksa). Being endowed with Penance thereafter, they fill up (occupy) the stations. As the mental sons of Brahma, they work as accomplished souls.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अनन्तर प्रभु ब्रह्मा अत्यन्त प्रसन्‍न हुएं। तदनन्तर उन्होंने अब दूसरे प्रकार की सृष्टि करने का विचार किया ।५०। उस प्रभु ईश्वर ने अन्य साधक (इच्छानुकूल) सगे की सृष्टि की। उस समय सत्य-चिन्तन करने वाले ब्रह्मा के चिन्तन से अव्यक्त से अव्यक्त स्रोत तामक सर्ग उत्पन्न हुआ जो कि प्रभु के इच्छानुकूलस था।

English

The created beings who have attained heaven through subversive rites are reborn (repeatedly) in every Yuga. Due to the residue of the fruits of their actions, they become well-known with their souls inclined in that manner. They descend from the Janaloka due to the bondage of the Karmans. It is the intention, the feelings of the mind that should be regarded as the cause, in regard to the activities. The people descend from Janaloka due to their good and bad acti¬ vities (in their previous lives).

हिन्दी अर्थ

घनरिचह्वान्तर्गतग्न्थों ग. पस्तके नास्ति + धनुरिचिह्वान्तगंतग्रस्थों ड पुस्तके नास्ति

English

They take up different forms of bodies in different wombs (species) from Devas to immobile beings. They are born of one another successively. Being created again and again, they pursue those activities which they had been pursuing before. They pursue violent or non-violent, soft or ruthless, virtuous or evil, truthful or false activities on being urged by those previous innate feelings which appeal to them.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तै च प्रकाशबेहुलास्तमःसच्व रजो घिकाः । तस्मात्ते दुःखबहुला भूया भूयश्च कारिणुः

English

Whatever names and forms (these beings have) in the past Kalpa, they mostly receive the same in the future Kalpas. They assume those very names and forms again and again. They are born in the different Kalpas with the same names and forms. When Brahma who was desirous of creation got his creative activity obstructed. He, of truthful contemplation, began to contemplate on the subjects. He created a thousand pairs from his mouth. With the quality of Sattva predominant, they, of good mind, were suitable for the task.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रकाशा बहुरन्‍्तश्च मनुष्याः साधकाश्च ते। लक्षणेस्तारकायस्ते अष्टचथा च व्यचस्थिता:

English

He created another thousand pairs from his chest. These had the quality of passion (Rajas) predominant and were fiery and impatient. He created another thousand'couples from his thighs. Passion (Rajas) and Ignorance (Tamas) were predominant in them. They were ambitious and aspirant. He created another thousand couples from his feet. They had ignorance (Tamas) predominant in them. They were inglorious and deficient in brilliance.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सिद्धात्मानों मनुष्यास्ते गन्धवंसहधर्मिणः । इस्येष तेजसः सर्गों ह्थावस्रोताः प्रकीर्तितः

English

The living beings born of these pairs were passion¬ ate. Being lustful, they began to copulate with one another. Thenceforward procreation from pairing originated in this Kalpa. Women did not have their menstrual courses month by month. Then they did not conceive, even when copulated. They brought forth pairs of children once at the end of life. They gave birth to crooked offspring (?), when they had desire for death. From that time onward pairing originated in this Kalpa. Even by contemplating once mentally, the subjects had created for them, the five objects of senses such as sound, each of which was of five characteristics in the pure form. 1

हिन्दी अर्थ

विद्वत्त वर्तमान च तेडर्थ जानन्ति तक्त्चतः भूतादकानां सत्त्वानां षष्ठः सं: स उच्यते

English

In this way the previous creation by god Brahma was through his mind (mental activity). Those who were born in his race have filled the world. Verses 44-63 paint a glowing picture of the Krta age. They depict the ideal state of society from Puraijic point of view—a classless society with perfect equality and full liberty. The people in that age resorted to rivers, lakes, oceans and mountains. The waters in that Yuga were neither too hot nor too cold.

हिन्दी अर्थ

(८ ते परिशभ्रहिणः सर्व संविभागरत।: पुनः । खादुनाश्चाप्यशीलाश्च शेया भूतादिकास्तु ते)

English

They usually took the diet of the juicy food of the earth. They moved about wherever they pleased. They had acquired mental Siddhis. In that Krta age, there was neither virtue nor evil. The human beings were non-differentiated. They had equal longevity, happiness and beauty (form). In the beginning of the Kalpa, in the Krta age, neither virtue (Dharma) nor evil (Adharma) existed. The people were born with their respective authority and rights.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तन्माआणां द्वितीयस्तु भूतस्गः स उच्यते । वेकारिकस्तृतीयस्तु सर्व ऐेन्द्रियकः स्स्ृतः

English

The first Krta age consisted of four thousand divine Even when thousands of human beings spread they had no obstruction, no clash and no order. They had no fixed abode or place of resort. They wandered about mountains and oceans. They were free from sorrow. They had abundant goodness. They were happy in solitude.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तियेक्स्नोताश्च यः सर्ग स्तियंग्योनि: स पश्चमः । तथोध्चस्नोतर्सा षष्ठो देवसर्ग सस्‍्तु स स्मुतः॥

English

They moved about as they pleased. They were always joyous in their minds. There were no animals, birds or reptiles then. There were no trees or plants nor hellish beings born of evil. There were neither roots nor fruits nor flowers nor the seasons nor the years. Time was always pleasant when peoples' desires were fulfilled. There were no extremes in heat or cold. Whatever object they desired in their minds was available everywhere and at all times.

हिन्दी अर्थ

अतः वह सर्ग अर्वाक् (मध्यगत) प्रवृत्ति वाला था इसलिए वह अवकि स्रोत कहा गया है।५१-५२! उसे सर्ग के जीव प्रकाश, सत्त्व, रज और तमभ तीनों गुणों से यथ्रेष्ट रूप से पूर्ण थे। इसलिये उनमें दुःख की मात्रा अधिक थी और वे बार बार कर्म करने वाले हुए । वे मनुष्य अन्तः बाह्य सभी ओर से प्रकाशपूर्ण और सृष्टि के सहायक हुए। वे तारक आदि लक्षणों से आठ रूपों में स्थित हैं ।५१-५४। वे सिद्धात्मा

English

Whatever juices they meditated upon, grew up from the earth. Their achievements were conducive to strength, fair complexion and destructive of ailments. With their bodies requiring no decoration (or beauti¬ fication), the subjects had eternal youth. Pairs of children were born from their pure mental conception. They were born alike and they died together. They had similar forms and features. At that time, there was truth, absence of greed, forbearance, contentment, happiness and restraint.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मानव गन्धर्वों के सहधर्मी हैं। इस प्रकार यह सर्ग तैजस और अर्वाक् स्रोत कहा गया है ।५४५। पाँचवाँ सर्ग अनुग्रह के नाम से विख्यात है, जिसकी व्यवस्था शक्ति, तुष्टि एवं सिद्धि के विपयंय (उलटे) क्रम से की गई हैं ।५६। उस सृष्टि के प्राणी (ब्रह्म के) विवंत रूप एवं उसके वरतंमान अर्थ को तात्त्विक रूप से जानते हैं, इस प्रकार भूतादि (पञ्चभूत आदि) जीवों का वह सर्ग छठां सर्य कहा जाता है ।५५७। उनमें

English

They had no distinguishing marks in their forms and features, longevity, conduct and activity. Their actions were spontaneous and voluntary, without the intercession of intellect. In the Krtavuga, there was no inclination towards performance, of good or evil actions. There was no classification of castes or differentiation in stages of life. Nor was there inter¬ mixture of castes. In their mutual dealings they behaved without being impelled by desire or hatred. All of them, had equal forms, features and longevity. There was neither superior nor inferior class of people.

हिन्दी अर्थ

जो संचय तथा समान विभाग करने वाले और भक्षणशील एवं कठोर प्रवृत्ति के हैं, उन्हें भूत सर्ग नामक छठा सगे जानना चाहिए ।५८। विपयेय के क्रम से उत्पन्न वह भूतादि सर्ग, छक्तिहंन रूप से स्थित है। प्रथम उत्पन्न होने के नाते इसको महत् सर्ग कहा गया है, इसीलिए उसे मह॒त् सर्ग जानना चाहिए ।५६। पज्चतन्मात्रा का दूसरा रूप भूतसर्ग कहा जाता है, और विकार जनित होने के नाते उसके

English

Only those who were mostly happy and devoid of sorrow were born in the Krta Yuga. They were highly power¬ ful, very strong and perpetually delighted in the mind. They had neither gain nor loss; neither friends nor foes; neither likes nor dislikes, since they were devoid of desires. The objects functioned according to their minds. They neither desired to possess nor favoured one another. It has been said that in the Krta age meditation was the highest; in Treta it was knowledge; in Dvapara it was sacrifice, while charity (donation) is excellent m Kali age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तीसरे रूप को वेकारिक कहते हैं इन्हें ऐन्द्रियक (इन्द्रिय द्वारा जनित) भी कहा जाता हैं ।६०। इस प्रकार बुद्धिपृवंक यह प्राकृत सर्ग उत्पन्न हुआ। चौथा मुख्य सर्ग है, जिसमें मुख्य स्थावर सर्म का होना बताया गया है ।६१। तियंक् स्लोत वाले उस पाँचवें सगे को तियंक योनि कहा गया है और ऊध्व ज्रोत वाले उस छठे

English

In accordance with practice obtaining in the different ages, goodness (Sattva) predominates in Krta, passion fRajas) in Treta, passion (Rajas) and Ignorance (Tama.) m Dvapara and only ignorance (Tamas) in the Kali Yuga. As for the duration of Krta age, know that four thou¬ sand divine years constitute its duration. In the Krta age, when the interim period (between

हिन्दी अर्थ

घनुद्चिल्वान्त्गंत नास्ति क. पुस्तके ।

English

When the period of junction is over at the end of the age, 1 the Dharma of the period of junction remains but one- fourth. When the Krta age lapses completely without any remnant, the spiritual achievement (of Krta age) too vanishes. When the mental Siddki (of Krta age) is lost, another comes into being in the Treta Yuga. The eight mental perfections in the beginning of the creation, mentioned by me, decline gradually and are lost.

हिन्दी अर्थ

४४ । वायुपुराणम्

English

In the beginning of the Kalpa, in the Krta age, this attainment is only mental. In all the Manvantaras in accord¬ ance with the division of the four Yugas, the attainment is due to the holy rites, due to the pursuit of the conduct of life of the respective castes and stages of life. When the Krta age passes off thus, one-fourth of the Dharma is lost in the first junction, another one-fourth When water becomes subtle, cloud is formed The

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राकृतास्तु तयः सर्गा: कृतास्ते बुद्धिपूबकाः) । बुद्धिपूज प्रवर्तन्ते षट्सर्गा ब्रह्मणस्तु ते

English

When the surface of the earth is drenched with rain Versts 77-88 humo "dipt " d Trc,i I '"'" All the necessary objects of enjoyments emanated from them (the trees). In the beginning of Treta, people subsisted on them (i.e. the products of trees). Then after the lapse of a long time, due to their own perversity the emotions of lust and greed possessed them suddenly.

हिन्दी अर्थ

विस्ताराजुप्रह सर्ग कीर्त्यमानं निबोधत । चतु्धांउबस्थितः सोड्थ सवभूतेषु कृ्स्नशः

English

The menstrual flow that used to take place only at the end of life in the case of women then (in Krta Yuga), ceased to be so due to the power of the (new, Treta) Yuga. In their case, the menstruation began to take place every month. As a consequence thereof, they indulged in copulation the same way. When the flow took this turn and when they copulat¬ ed every month, the untimely menstrual flow and conception began to happen.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सर्गा; परस्परस्याथ प्रंकारा बहव:ः स्म्बृताः। अग्ने ससर्ज वे ब्रह्मा मानसानात्मनः समान

English

On account of their perversity and due to what was destined to happen in course of time, all the trees in their house (or which were like their houses) perished. When these were destroyed, the people became excited and agitated in all their senses. They, of truthful thought, began to meditate on that mental Siddhi. The trees manifested in their houses again. They yielded clothes, fruits and ornaments. Invigorating honey without the bees, possessing sweet taste, scent and colour, exuded in them in every leafeup.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सननन्‍द्नं च सनक॑ विद्वांसे च सनातनम् । विज्ञानेन निवृत्तास्ते वेवतन महोजसः ॥

English

They maintained themselves with that honey at the beginning of the Treta age. They were delighted and contented with that Siddhi. They were free from ailments. As time elapsed, they were overcome with greed once again. They forcibly took possession of trees and extracted from them the nectar (of flowers) and honey. Due to this misdemeanor committed by the people, the wish-yielding trees perished at some places along with honey.

हिन्दी अर्थ

तदा तेषु व्यतीतेषु तदान्यान्साथकांश् तान मानसानखज दुशह्मा पुनः स्थानाभिमानिनः+

English

When the period of junction remained but little, due to the passage of time, there arose extremes of climate (e.g. scorching heat and extreme cold). They were terribly distressed by the extremes of biting winds and scorching sunshine. Being afflicted by these they made shelters. Warding off Dvandvas (pairs of opposites) of heat and cold, they resorted to abodes. Formerly, they had been roaming about as they pleased, without a fixed habitation. Now according to circumstances and their liking, they stayed in abodes, wildernesses, deserts, deep chasms, on hills, mountains or riversides. They resorted to fortresses, dry soils and waste lands with perpetual supply of water.

हिन्दी अर्थ

आधभूतसंधक्षवावस्थाश्षामतस्ताक्षिबोघत । आपोउद्निः पृथिवत वायुरन्तरिक्ष॑ द्शिरुतथा

English

In order to ward off heat and cold, they made habita¬ tions in level and rugged lands in accordance with the availa¬ bility and their taste. Then they set up hamlets, villages and towns with due alignment and built harems loo. The measure of their length and diameter was fixed by them. * 1 Ihey built houses on this basis just as tlicy thought fit. A unit was termed PradeSa —a distance between the (ex¬ tended) thumb and the (outstretched) forefinger. The distance between the thumb and the middle finger (when both are stretched) was Tala and that between the thumb and the ring figer was Gokarna.

हिन्दी अर्थ

स्वर्ग (देवः समुद्रांश्य नदाज्शेल्ान्व नस्पतीन ओपषधीनां तथा55स्मानो ह्यात्मानों दृछवोरूचाम्

English

The distance between the thumb and the little finger (when both are stretched) was called Vitasli. It contained Verses 97-102 give the units of measurement of distance as follows The first unit 'Angula * means 'Finger-breadth* Four Hastas or two Nalikas made one Dhanus or Danda. Two thousand Dlianus or Pandas made one Gavyuti. Eight thousand Dhanus constituted a Tojana. It is on the basis of the Yojana calculation that the sites were fixed then.

हिन्दी अर्थ

को देवसर्ग ।६२। इसो प्रकार अवांक स्रोत वाले को सातवाँ मानुष सर्ग कहा जाता है एवं अनुग्रह सर्ग को आठवाँ जा कि सात्त्विक और तामस के संमिश्रण से प्रादुर्भूत है ।६३। इसी प्रकार पाँच प्रकार के विकृंत और तीन प्रकार के प्राकृत सर्ग बताये गये है। उन्हीं बिकृत तथा प्राकृत सर्गों के समेत नवें कौमार सगे का व्याख्या की गई है (इनमें तीन प्रकार के इस प्राकृत सर्ग की बुद्धिपूवंक सृष्टि की गई है) इस प्रकार ब्रह्म

English

Of the four types of fortifications, three occur naturally. The fourth kind of fortress is artificial. I shall describe the mode of its construction. 1 Huge mansions, lofty ramparts and fort-walls are built around. There is a principal gate called Svastika and there is a gynaeceum in which maidens are kept ( Kumaripura ). The (main) gate is close to a moat with flowing water current. The width of the moat is the best if (it is) eight or ten hands. Others-opine that nine or eight hands (in width) is the best.

हिन्दी अर्थ

की ये छहों सृष्टियाँ बुद्धि परवक ही भ्रवृत्त होती है ।६५-६५। अब मैं वर्णनीय उस अनुग्नरह वामक सर्गे की जो समस्त प्राणियों में चार प्रकार से पूर्ण रूपेण स्थित है, विस्तृत व्याख्या बता रहा हूँ, तुम लोग सुनो ६६। शक्ति, तुष्ठि एवं सिद्धि के विपयं य क्रम से स्थावर सृष्टि में विपयेय और तियेक् योतियों में शक्ति का संचार हुआ है ।६: अतः मनुष्यों में सिद्धि और देवों में तुष्टि पूर्ण रूप से निहित है। पुनः इस प्रकार

English

(I shall mention the dimensions) of hamlets, cities and villages and three types of forts, viz. mountains, waters (rivers) and constructed (artificially by) men. The diameter shall be half a Yojana. Its length should be one and one-eighth of a Yojana. A city that extends to the east or north is the most excellent. 2 3 Its extent shall be half or one-fourth of the maximum length. It should be divided into a hypotenuse and segments and be laid out in the shape of a fan. A city planne circularly or merely lengthwise (with little breadth) or deficient in (amenities) is not recommeiidable. A city set up in e form of,a square with straight rows of houses in all the eight quarters is desirable. Verses 103-107 refer to construction of forts. __- nr, Verses 108-117 explain the ancientideas B.lt crudeness fr

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्राकृत तथा विक्ृत सर्ग नव प्रकार के बताये गये हैं ।६८। परस्पर संबद्ध इन सर्गों के बहुत से भेद कहे गये हैं । सबसे पहले बह्मा ने अपने ही समान विद्वानू सनक, सननन्‍्दन और सनातन नामक तीन मानस पुत्रों को उत्पन्न किया । वे तीनों महातेजस्वी अपने सृष्टिविज्ञान के भ्रभाव से निवत्ति मार्ग पर अल रहे ।६६-७०। नानात्व के रहस्य को जानकर वे ज्ञान सम्पन्न हो गए और पिता की आज्ञा न मानकर प्रजोत्पत्ति से विभुख हो अन्य

English

The reading Vyajana from Bd. P. I. 2. 7. 107 is accepted as Vyaana, The minimum width of a dwelling is twenty-four Hastas and the maximum is eight hundred Hastas. But they praise a middle one which is neither too narrow nor too wide. Important dwellings shall be constructed in a site eight hundred Kifkus wide. A hamlet has half the diameter of the city and a village is bigger than that.

हिन्दी अर्थ

चले गए ।७१। इस प्रकार उन कुमारों के चले जाने पर ब्रह्मा ने पुनः अपने पद का अभिमान करने वाले अन्य मानस पुत्रों को उत्पन्न किया जिन्होंने सृष्टि काय॑ में पूरा सहयोग दिया ।७२! प्रलय तक स्थित रहने, वाले स्थानाश मानी देवों के नामों को गिना रहा हूँ सुनो-- जल, अग्नि, पृथिवी, वाझु, अन्तरिक्ष, दिद्लायें स्वर्ग, दिव, समुद्र, नंद, शेल, वनस्पतियाँ, ओषधियाँ, आत्मा, मन, दुृक्ष, वीरुघ, (छोटे वृक्ष), लव, काष्ठ,

English

A hamlet shall be situated a Tojana away from a city and a village shall be half a Tojana away from a hamlet. Two Krosas is the maximum boundary. The boundary of a field is four Dhantis. The highway shall be twenty Dhanus wide. The main road in the village shall also be twenty Dhanus wide. But the road in the border-land shall be only ten Dhanus wide. The main road shall be excellent if it is ten Dhanus wide. The movement of the traffic of people (pedestrians), horses, elephants and chariots should be without hindrance. Branch roads should be four Dhanus wide. The roads connecting dwelling houses and side roads shall be two Dhanus wide.

हिन्दी अर्थ

+ बनुश्चह्वान्तगंतग्रन्थो ग. पुस्तके नास्ति

English

The "bell-road", i.e. the main road in a village, should be four steps wide j the space between two dwellings shall con¬ sists of three steps or paces. The side roads shall be half a pace wide. The way to the sacrificial room shall be a pace wide. The dust-bin shall be a pace wide. The gutters on either side of the road shall be a pace wide. They made a lay¬ out and built houses afterwards. Thinking and recollecting again and again they

हिन्दी अर्थ

लवा: काछाः कलाश्चैच मुहर्ताः संधिराज्यहाः । अधमासाध्य मासाश्य अयनाब्द्युगानि च

English

The trees had branches going upwards and apreading They observed carefully how the branches had gone. They constructed the apartments in accordance with the growth of the branches (Sakhas). 1 Hence they had been called Salas. Thus Salas (apartments) became well known from branches; so also the abodes. Hence they are remembered as 'Salas'. Thus is explained their state of being Salas ( Sdlatva ). The mind is delighted in them. They delight the mind. Hence the houses, halls and mansions are duly termed as prdsadas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वक्‍त्नायस्य ब्राह्मणाः संप्रसूतास्तद्वक्षस्तः क्षत्रियाः पूर्व भागे । वैश्याश्वोवर्यिस्य पदूम्यां च शुद्धाः सर्वे चर्णा गात्रतः संप्रसूताः ।

English

After warding off the Dvandvas (the pairs of mutual opposites, viz. heat and cold), they began to think of the means of their sustenance (such as agriculture). When the Kalpa-trees had perished along with the honey, they were over¬ whelmed by hunger and thirst and became bewildered and dejected. Thereafter, in the Treta age, a Siddhi (accomplishment) appeared before them. The means ofagriculture that could meet their ends came as they desired. 1 The waters showered (from the sky) which flowed downwards became srotas (river, stream). And waters flowing in ditches or excavated places are known as Nimnagas (down flowing).

हिन्दी अर्थ

नारायण: परोड्व्यक्तादण्डमव्यक्तसंभचम् । अण्डाउजल्षे पुनत्नह्मा लोकास्तेन रूताः स्वयम् ॥ एच: व कथितः पादः समासान्नतु विस्तरात् अनेना55श्येन पादेन पुराणं संप्रकीतितम् ।

English

Thus in the second creation through rain, the rivers came into being. What little of water remained on the surface of the earth thereafter, became mixed with earth and grew into plants and herbs. Plants began to put forth flowers, fruits and roots. Fourteen kinds of trees and bushes which grew up in the villages and forests without ploughing or burning, put forth seasonal flowers and fruit. It was in the Treta age that vegetation manifested first and the medicinal plants appeared. The people in the Treta age maintained themselves on the products of agriculture. Then again all of them were overwhelmed with lust and greed as a result of unavoidable fate or due to the Treta age.

हिन्दी अर्थ

इति महापुराणे वायु्रोक्ते प्रक्रियापादे सृश्टिकरणं नाम षष्ठोड्ष्यायः

English

Verses 124-137 show that in the Treta Age man developed agriculture and for division of labour the society was divided into different arnas (Classes). The credit of introducing Agriculture is given to Brahma. They then forcibly occupied the rivers, fields, moun¬ tains, trees, clusters and medicinal plants. While describing the Prdkrta Sarga, I have spoken about the accomplished souls. These were born as human beings according to Brahma's plan.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रनत्तिस्लंध्यिव्की से ल्वस्त्

English

They were quiescent, powerful, active and distressed. Then, thus functioning they were born again in the Treta age. Urged by the auspicious and inauspicious activities of the previous births they were born as Brahmanas, Ksatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras and Dasyus. Those who were truthful, non-violent, devoid of greed and self-controlled lived therein. There were others de¬ ficient in brilliance, who served these in return for the gifts they received from them. Thus there was mutual dependence. Due to their fault, the medicinal plants disappeared while they were looking on helplessly. They vanished as sand particles in handfuls. The earth, due to the power of the Yuga, swallowed the fourteen kinds of plants both in villages and forests—the plants which bore fruit through flowers and flowers with leaves.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कला, मुह॒त्त, सन्धि, रात्रि, दिन, पक्ष, मास, अयन, वर्ष, युग, ये सभी स्थानाभिमानी और स्थान के नाम से प्रसिद्ध हैं ।9३-७६। जिसके मुख से ब्राह्मण, वक्ष:स्थल से क्षत्रिय, ऊर से वेश्य और जिसके पैर से शूद्र, इस प्रकार जिसके शरीर से सब वर्ण उत्पन्न हुए वे नारायण अव्यक्त से परे हैं। उत्त अव्यक्त से अण्ड की उत्पत्ति हुई और अण्ड से ब्रह्मा उत्पन्न हुए. जिन्होंने स्वयं लोकों को उत्पन्न किया । यह प्रक्रियापाद आप लोगों से संक्षेप में

English

When these were destroyed, the people became be¬ wildered. On being overwhelmed by hunger they approached Lord Svayambhu, Prajapati. (It was) at the beginning of Treta Yuga. The self-born lord Brahma, knowing that they wanted the means of sustenance, considered what was proper by observing directly. Realising that the medicinal plants were swallowed by the earth he milked them out again (from the earth). 1 Making mount Meru as the calf, he milked the earth. The earth-cow yielded the seeds on its surface.

हिन्दी अर्थ

कहा गया है। इस प्रकार इस आद्य पांद के द्वारा यह पुराण कहा गया है

English

This is the Puranic development of the ancient Vcdic concept of 25 Vararuci became the milker and the science of Dramaturgy {Mtya Veda) was the milk. The seeds grew into wild and cultivated plants yielding ripe fruits. They comprised seventeen classes. Rice, barley, wheat, the minute gingelly seeds, the Priyangus, Udams,Kdrusas, Tinakas (different kinds of pulse etc.), black gram, green gram, Masuras (a pulse), Mspdvas, horse grams, Adhakis (the pulse cajanus Indicus spreng ), and other grams. These are the seventeen varieties of rural medicinal plants ( Grdmya osadhi ). Then there are fourteen kinds of plants used in sacrifices.

हिन्दी अर्थ

श्री वायुपुराण का सृष्टि-प्रमाणनामक छठाँ अध्याय समाप्त

English

They are: rice, barley, black gram, wheat, anus (panicum Miliaccum), gingelly seeds, Priyahgu the seventh among them and horse-gram the eighth. Syajnakas (a variety of rice), Nivaras (another variety of rice), Jariilas (wild sesamum), Gavedhukas, Kurudndas (a kind of barley), Venuyavas (bamboo seeds) and Markatakas (a species of grain) —these are the fourteen varieties of wild and cultivated plants. They were originally produced in the beginning of the Treta age. All these medicinal plants, trees, hedges, creepers and grasses grew in villages and forests without the fields being ploughed.

हिन्दी अर्थ

सूतजी बोलें--यह पहला प्रक्रिया पाद कह दिया गया, जिसको सुनकर सनातन काश्यपेय प्रसन्न

English

The seeds that were milked from the earth at the outset by the self-born god Brahma grew into various fruits and flowers. They grew into plants yielding seasonal flowers and fruits. When they let go (the seasonal product once) they did not grow again. The self-born Brahma then devised for the livelihood of the people by means of agriculture. From that time onwards the plants began to grow on being (ploughed and) cultivated. Thus when agriculture came into vogue the self-born lord established conventions for their mutual hel Those who were masters (powerful ones) had (to follow) prescribed conventions and established them (as) Ksattriyas for the protection of others.

हिन्दी अर्थ

+- इदं नास्ति क. पुस्तके ।

English

Verses 154-164 show the evolution of Varnas or Classes in an agrarian society and the duties of each class. Verses 166-168 state the region to which Ptous members of these classes go. Those who worship (or respect or obey) those (Ksatriyas) are free from fear. Those who averred that Brahman is the truth and spoke according to facts (the truth) are Brahmanas. Those who were weak were assigned the duty of Vaisyas. They became the cultivators of the soil. Formerly they used to destroy things in the earth. They are called Vaisyas as they maintain their livelihood by soil and cultivation.

हिन्दी अर्थ

८ संबोध्य सूत॑ वचसा पश्रच्छाथोत्तरां कथाम् । अतः प्रभ्भति कत्पक्ष प्रतिसंधि प्रचच्च नः

English

Those who were engaged in serving others, those who were lustreless and deficient in virility he called Sudras because they bewailed their lot, were miserable and adopted crooked ways. Lord Brahma assigned their duties and virtues when the system of castes was thus established. Out of delusion the people did not follow their duties. Not observing the (special) duties of castes, they clashed mutually. On realising that precisely, lord Brahma ordered strength, punishment and warfare as the means of sustenance for the Ksatriyas.

हिन्दी अर्थ

प्रत्याहते पूबकाले श्रतिसंधि च तत्र वै। अन्यः प्रवत॑ते कल्पो जनाललोकात्पुन: पुनः

English

The lord assigned these as the duties of Brahmanas: presiding over sacrifice, teaching of the Vedas and the accept¬ ance of monetary gifts. The lord assigned breeding of cattle, trading and agriculture to the Vaisyas. He made the practice of arts and crafts as means of livelihood and service the duties of Stidras. The duties common to the three classes—Brahmanas Ksatriyas and Vaisyas include the performance of sacrifice, study of the Vedas and making gifts.

हिन्दी अर्थ

हो गये ।१। इसके बाद सूत का प्रिय शब्दों से सम्मान कर उन्होंने पुतः आगे की कथा पूछी कि-हे कल्प की कथा जानने वाले ! आप अत्यन्त कुशल हैं अब इसके बाद प्रतिसन्धि के विषय में हम लोगों को बतलाइये । बीते हुये और वतंमान कल्प का जं मध्य काल है और उनकी जो प्रतिसन्धि है उसको हम लोग जानना चाहने हैं, आप अत्यन्त कुशल हैं

English

After prescribing the holy rites and duties as the means of livelihood, the lord gave them suitable regions in the other worlds achievable by means of Siddhi. The region of the Brahmanas who performed their sacred rites and duties is the world of Prajapati. The world of Indra is the region for Ksatriyas who flee not in battle. The region ofMaruts is assigned to Vaisyas who main¬ tain themselves as per their (ordained) duties. To the Sudras who abide by their duty of rendering service, the region of Gandharvas is assigned. These are the regions for different castes who observe

हिन्दी अर्थ

लोमहषंण बोले--'अब मैं अतीत और वर्तमान दोनों कल्पों की जो प्रतिसन्धियाँ हैं तथा जिन कलपों में जो मन्वन्तर होते हैं, है सुब्रत ! उसको बतला रहा हूं! यह जो वरतंमान कल्प है वह शुभ साम्प्रत या वाराह कल्प कहलाता हैं ।४३। इस कल्प से पूं का जो कल्प बीत गया है वह सनातन कल्प था । उस अतीत और इस वर्तमान वाराह कल्प की मध्य अवस्था के विषय में सुनिये ।५-६। पूर्व कल्प के बीत जाने

English

Formerly, the Lord established the four ASramas, viz. Brahmacarin (the religious student), Grhastha (the house¬ holder), Vanaprastha (the recluse) and Bhiksuka (the ascetic mendicant). Those who do not practise the duties assigned to their caste, they say, incurred the loss of the (fruit of) holy rites even if they maintained the activities of the ASramas. Brahma established these Airamas by name. 1 In order to guide them, he spoke to them about.[their duties, manners, restraints and observances.

हिन्दी अर्थ

पर प्रतिसन्धि आती है, तब दूसरा कल्प जनलोक से आता है ॥७। बीच में प्रतिसन्धि के आ जाने से ही एक कल्प दूसरे कल्प से पृथक् होते हैं। पूर्व कल्प के बीत जाने पर उस अतीत कल्प को प्रतिसन्धि कहा जाता है। मन्वन्तर और युगों की अविच्छिन्न सन्धियाँ मन्वन्तर युभों के साथ परस्पर प्रवत्त होती हैं। जो प्रक्रिया पाद में संक्षेप में कहे गये हैं वे पूवें कल्प हैं ॥+-१०। उन पराधे कल्पों में इससे पूर्व जो प्रथम कल्प था

English

The ASrama of the householder is common to all the four castes. This stage is the very basis and support of the other three Asramas. I shall explain it in order along with the observances and restraints. The following are briefly the religious duties of the householders: Marriage, maintenance of the sacred fire, hospi¬ tality to guests, performance of sacrifices and continuation of the race (procreation of children). The characteristic duties of a Brahmacarin are: (bear¬ ing) the staff, wearing the girdle (of muhja grass), sleeping on the bare ground, having matted hair, service to the preceptor and begging alms. Wearing of bark garments, leaves or deer skin, diet of grains, roots, fruits or herbs (found in the forest), bathing at dawn and dusk and performing sacrifice are the characteristics of a forest-dweller.

हिन्दी अर्थ

वह तो व्यतीत हो चुका किन्तु द्वितीय पराधें कल्प अभी नहीं व्यतीत हुआ है ।११। अन्य जो भविष्य में आने वाले कल्प हैं वे अपराध से गुणीकृत (अपराद्ध नाम से प्रसिद्ध) हैं । द्विजो ! उनमें से पहला साम्प्रत नामक

English

Begging when the sound of pestles dies down, non¬ stealing, purity, non-negligence, refraining from sexual inter¬ course, mercy towards (all) beings, forebearance, absence of anger (control of temper), service to preceptors and the tenth truthfulness—This code of conduct of ten characteristics has been prescribed by the self-born god (Brahma). Five (of the above) are the main observances and five subsidiaries which constitute the sacred rites of the mendicant ascetic. Purity in the conduct of life, restraints, purity of the mind, counteraction of evil deeds and perfect vision these are They say that the holy course of conduct ( dhaivia ) of a man of renunciation consists of meditation (samadhi), con¬ trol of the mind and of the sense-organs, silence, taking of food voluntarily offered by others and endeavour for liberation (fiom sarhsara).

हिन्दी अर्थ

यस्मिन्पूर्वः पराध तु द्वितीयः पर उच्यते एतावान्स्थितिकालस्य प्रत्याहारस्ततः स्म्तः ॥

English

If a person is defiled in inner emotions, all his external actions never bear fruit even if he puts in his utmost effort. Even if a person donates all his possessions but with an impious inner soul, he shall not be virtuous. Piety is the true cause of perfection. It is said that the region attained by the persons who abide by this Dharma is that of the Devas, Pitys, sages and Manus. There are eighty-eight thousand sages of sublimated sexuality. It is their region that is assigned to those who live with their teachers.

हिन्दी अर्थ

क्षीणे कल्पे तदा तस्मिन्दाहकाले ह्यपस्थिते। तस्मिन्कल्पे तदा देवा आसन्वैमानिकास्तु ये

English

The sphere of the seven sages is the abode of heaven- dwellers. Prajapatya (the region of Prajapati) is the sphere of householders. The region of Brahma is the abode for Sannya- sins. The region of immortality is the abode for the Yogins. There is no abode for those who have mental worries. These are the regions for the people of different stages of life who abide by their allotted duties. The four paths called Devayana have been made by Brahma, 1 the controller of Verses 187-189: Puranic concept of Devayana and Pitryana paths after death.

हिन्दी अर्थ

नक्षत्रग्नहतारास्तु चन्द्रसूयत्रहाश्व ये। अध्याविशतिरवैताः कोटअस्तु सुकृतात्मनाम

English

Similarly the moon is the doorway to Pitryana (the path of the Pitrs). When these divisions of castes and stages oflife were made but when the people did not abide by their injunctions, he evolved another mental creation from his own body which was like himself. When the first Treta age reached the middle period, gradually he began to create another mind-born progeny. Then the lord created beings with (predominant) Sattva and Rajas gunas. They were competent to accomplish virtue, love, wealth, liberation and their means of livelihood. He created Devas, Pitrs, sages and Manus (i.e-. human beings) who were suitable for the Yuga. They have procreated these subjects as per Dharma.

हिन्दी अर्थ

मन्वन्तरे तथैकस्मिश्वतुदशसख वै तथा। ज्ीणि कोटिशतान्यासन्कोटश्यों द्विनवतिस्तथा ।

English

When the subjects abided by the Dharma prescribed by the self-born lord (Brahma) he meditated on the, mind-born beings of different forms. The persons who have been mentioned to you by me, as having resorted to Janaloka became devas and other subjects here, when the (previous) Kalpa passed away. While he meditated, the subjects appeared before him for creation. In the order of the Manvantaras, they are consi¬ dered the first or the last. They are imbued with the knowledge of discrimination, adjuncts and topics. Endowed with efficient and inefficient activities, they are restrained by the residue o the fruit of their actions. They attain the state of devas, Asuras, Pitrs, animals, birds, reptiles, trees, hellish beings and insects. He created them to be subservient to himself and his su jects.